Advances of the top-down synthesis approach for high-performance silicon anodes in Li-ion batteries

Yuda, Ansor Prima; Koraag, Pierre Yosia Edward; Iskandar, Ferry; Wasisto, Hutomo Suryo; Sumboja, Afriyanti

doi:10.1039/d1ta02711e

Cited by 66 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 200 publications

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“…However, traditional LIBs use graphite anodes, which possess a relatively low specific capacity (372 mAh g −1 ), limiting their achievable energy density [4]. Various materials with higher theoretical capacities have been pursued as alternatives for the graphite anode, such as Co 3 O 4 (890 mAh g −1 ), Sn (994 mAh g −1 ), Ge (1625 mAh g −1 ), MgH 2 (2038 mAh g −1 ), and Si (4200 mAh g −1 ) [5][6][7]. In particular, silicon has been introduced as the anode material for high energy density LIBs due to its large storage capacity, abundance, environmental friendliness, and suitable discharge voltage [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertically Aligned n-Type Silicon Nanowire Array as a Free-Standing Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

et al. 2021

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Due to its high theoretical specific capacity, a silicon anode is one of the candidates for realizing high energy density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, problems related to bulk silicon (e.g., low intrinsic conductivity and massive volume expansion) limit the performance of silicon anodes. In this work, to improve the performance of silicon anodes, a vertically aligned n-type silicon nanowire array (n-SiNW) was fabricated using a well-controlled, top-down nano-machining technique by combining photolithography and inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) at a cryogenic temperature. The array of nanowires ~1 µm in diameter and with the aspect ratio of ~10 was successfully prepared from commercial n-type silicon wafer. The half-cell LIB with free-standing n-SiNW electrode exhibited an initial Coulombic efficiency of 91.1%, which was higher than the battery with a blank n-silicon wafer electrode (i.e., 67.5%). Upon 100 cycles of stability testing at 0.06 mA cm−2, the battery with the n-SiNW electrode retained 85.9% of its 0.50 mAh cm−2 capacity after the pre-lithiation step, whereas its counterpart, the blank n-silicon wafer electrode, only maintained 61.4% of 0.21 mAh cm−2 capacity. Furthermore, 76.7% capacity retention can be obtained at a current density of 0.2 mA cm−2, showing the potential of n-SiNW anodes for high current density applications. This work presents an alternative method for facile, high precision, and high throughput patterning on a wafer-scale to obtain a high aspect ratio n-SiNW, and its application in LIBs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertically Aligned n-Type Silicon Nanowire Array as a Free-Standing Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

et al. 2021

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“…Silicon-based anodes can undergo electrochemical alloying/dealloying reaction with lithium at room temperature, and thus they have a higher lithium storage capacity (3580 mA h g −1 ) and favorable voltage platform (∼0.2 V vs. Li/Li + ). [22][23][24] However, the large volume expansion of these silicon-based materials can lead to the tendency of pulverization, breakage, and even falling off from the collector during the charge and discharge of LBs. 25 Therefore, alleviating or inhibiting the volume expansion of silicon-based anodes is the key factor to realizing their practical application.…”

Section: Cathode and Anode Contributions To Lithium Batteries With Hi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced electrolyte systems with additives for high-cell-voltage and high-energy-density lithium batteries

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

J. Mater. Chem. A

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“…Nano silicon holds great promise as a high-capacity anode to boost an energy density increase of cutting-edge lithium-ion-battery technology. − The nanoscale size can effectively mitigate mechanical stress generated by the huge volume change upon lithiation/delithiation. , When nano silicon is composited with graphite at certain mass ratios, reasonable cyclic stability is demonstrated, making it feasible for practical applications. ,, Various methods have been developed to synthesize nano silicon: for example, mechanical ball milling, , chemical vapor phase precipitation, , and plasma evaporation and condensation. , These methods are nevertheless cumbersome, demanding expensive equipment and large floor space, which makes nano silicon quite expensive and unfriendly for wide applications. Furthermore, the nano silicon synthesized by these methods lacks surface functionalization, which induces serious side reactions with an organic electrolyte in the first few cycles of LIBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Synthesis and Dual Functionalization of Nano Silicon Enabled by a Semisolid Lithium Rechargeable Flow Battery

Liu

Zuo

Cheng

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Nanosized silicon has attracted considerable attentions as a new-generation anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its exceptional theoretical capacity and reasonable cyclic stability. However, serious side reactions often take place at the nanosized silicon/electrolyte interface in LIBs, where critical electrochemical properties such as initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) are compromised. On the basis of this feature, a new method is developed to synthesize nanosilicon-based particles in a facile, scalable way, which are endowed with the function of prelithiation and storage stability in air. A semisolid lithium rechargeable flow battery (SSFB) technology is used for the first time to convert the micrometer-sized silicon raw material into an amorphous-nanosilicon-based material (ANSBM), as a result of the pulverization process induced by the repeated lithiation/delithiation cycles. The particle size is successfully reduced from 1–4 μm to around 30 nm after cycles in the flow battery. Bulk functionalization of the nano silicon is introduced by the unbalanced lithiation/delithiation cyclic process, which endows ANSBM with a unique prelithiation capability universally applicable to different anode systems such as nanosized Si, SiO x , and graphite, as evidenced by the significantly improved ICEs. Superior air stability (10% relative humidity) is exhibited by ANSBM due to surface functionalization by the stable interfacial layer encapsulated by electron-conductive carbon. The outcome of this work provides a promising way to synthesize dual-functionalized nano silicon with good electrochemical performance in terms of improved capacity and increased initial Coulombic efficiency when it is composited with other typical anode materials.

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Advances of the top-down synthesis approach for high-performance silicon anodes in Li-ion batteries

Abstract: With a remarkable theoretical specific capacity of ~4200 mAh g-1, silicon anode is at the forefront to enable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with ultra-high energy density. However, we have yet to...

Cited by 66 publications

References 200 publications

Vertically Aligned n-Type Silicon Nanowire Array as a Free-Standing Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Vertically Aligned n-Type Silicon Nanowire Array as a Free-Standing Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Advanced electrolyte systems with additives for high-cell-voltage and high-energy-density lithium batteries

In Situ Synthesis and Dual Functionalization of Nano Silicon Enabled by a Semisolid Lithium Rechargeable Flow Battery

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