Advancing fabrication and properties of three-dimensional graphene–alginate scaffolds for application in neural tissue engineering

Mansouri, Negar; Al-Sarawi, Said F.; Mazumdar, J.; Lošić, Dušan

doi:10.1039/c9ra07481c

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…We have previously reported the mechanical, electrical and physical properties of engineered 3D composite scaffolds consisting of GO and sodium alginate (SA) (GOSA) [24]. Our study revealed that GOSA composite porous scaffolds combine the known advantages of alginate (including non-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability) and graphene (including hydrophilicity, excellent mechanical strength, suitable biocompatibility, good electrical conductivity).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Biodegradable and Biocompatible Graphene-based Scaffolds for Functional Neural Tissue Engineering: A Strategy Approach Using Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Biomaterials

Mansouri

Al-Sarawi

Lošić

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Neural tissue engineering aims to restore function of nervous system tissues using biocompatible cell-seeded scaffolds. Graphene-based scaffolds combined with stem cells deserve special attention to enhance tissue regeneration in a controlled manner. However, it is believed that minor changes in scaffold biomaterial composition, internal porous structure, and physicochemical properties can impact cellular growth and adhesion. The current work aims to investigate in vitro biological effects of 3D graphene oxide (GO)/sodium alginate (GOSA) and reduced GOSA (RGOSA) scaffolds on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in terms of cell viability and cytotoxicity. Herein, the effects of the 3D scaffolds, coating conditions, and serum supplementation on DPSCs functions are explored extensively. Biodegradation analysis revealed that addition of GO enhanced the degradation rate of composite scaffolds. Compared to the 2D surface, the cell viability of 3D scaffolds was higher (p <0.0001), highlighting the optimal initial cell adhesion to the scaffold surface and cell migration through pores. Moreover, the cytotoxicity study indicated that the incorporation of graphene supported higher DPSCs viability. It is also shown that when the mean pore size of scaffold increases, DPSCs activity decreases. In terms of coating conditions, poly-l-lysine (PLL) was the most robust coating reagent that improved cell-scaffold adherence and DPSCs metabolism activity. The cytotoxicity of GO-based scaffolds showed that DPSCs can be seeded in serum-free media without cytotoxic effects. This is critical for human translation as cellular transplants are typically serum-free. These findings suggest that proposed 3D GO-based scaffolds have favourable effects on the biological responses of DPSCs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The graphene-based composite scaffolds were fabricated by a technique involving solution mixing, freezedrying, crosslinking, and bio-reduction as described previously [24]. Briefly, 2 wt.…”

Section: Gosa/rgosa Scaffold Fabrication and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable and Biocompatible Graphene-based Scaffolds for Functional Neural Tissue Engineering: A Strategy Approach Using Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Biomaterials

Mansouri

Al-Sarawi

Lošić

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Particularly, alginate-based hydrogels do not permit good control over their internal architecture, they lack cell receptors adhesion sites and suffer from low protein adsorption capability [ 104 ]. As independently highlighted by Losic et al and Chen et al [ 105 , 106 ], the introduction of GO and RGO in an alginate matrix allows to modify and control the porosity of the gel (ca. 99%±0.3%), making the pores size uniform from surface to its inner core and fostering cellular activity.…”

Section: Graphene-based Scaffoldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poor dispersion of GBMs within the polymer matrix causes aggregation [ 105 ], which may be detrimental for scaffold properties. To achieve homogeneous and stable dispersions of GBMs, covalent and/or non-covalent functionalization may be required.…”

Section: Graphene-based Scaffoldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-Based Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine

et al. 2021

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Leading-edge regenerative medicine can take advantage of improved knowledge of key roles played, both in stem cell fate determination and in cell growth/differentiation, by mechano-transduction and other physicochemical stimuli from the tissue environment. This prompted advanced nanomaterials research to provide tissue engineers with next-generation scaffolds consisting of smart nanocomposites and/or hydrogels with nanofillers, where balanced combinations of specific matrices and nanomaterials can mediate and finely tune such stimuli and cues. In this review, we focus on graphene-based nanomaterials as, in addition to modulating nanotopography, elastic modulus and viscoelastic features of the scaffold, they can also regulate its conductivity. This feature is crucial to the determination and differentiation of some cell lineages and is of special interest to neural regenerative medicine. Hereafter we depict relevant properties of such nanofillers, illustrate how problems related to their eventual cytotoxicity are solved via enhanced synthesis, purification and derivatization protocols, and finally provide examples of successful applications in regenerative medicine on a number of tissues.

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“…In addition, the quality of tissue regeneration strongly depends upon the mechanical properties of the scaffold 3 . Scaffolds should be strong enough to support tissue regeneration and satisfactorily maintain their integrity during cell growth but not so rigid as to cause adverse tissue response 5,6 . The mechanical properties of the scaffolds should also mimic the mechanical strength of the native tissue 5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermally drawn biodegradable fibers with tailored topography for biomedical applications

et al. 2020

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There is a growing demand for polymer fiber scaffolds for biomedical applications and tissue engineering. Biodegradable polymers such as polycaprolactone have attracted particular attention due to their applicability to tissue engineering and optical neural interfacing. Here we report on a scalable and inexpensive fiber fabrication technique, which enables the drawing of PCL fibers in a single process without the use of auxiliary cladding. We demonstrate the possibility of drawing PCL fibers of different geometries and cross‐sections, including solid‐core, hollow‐core, and grooved fibers. The solid‐core fibers of different geometries are shown to support cell growth, through successful MCF‐7 breast cancer cell attachment and proliferation. We also show that the hollow‐core fibers exhibit a relatively stable optical propagation loss after submersion into a biological fluid for up to 21 days with potential to be used as waveguides in optical neural interfacing. The capacity to tailor the surface morphology of biodegradable PCL fibers and their non‐cytotoxicity make the proposed approach an attractive platform for biomedical applications and tissue engineering.

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Advancing fabrication and properties of three-dimensional graphene–alginate scaffolds for application in neural tissue engineering

Abstract: In this study, a bio-fabrication method has been developed for the preparation of 3D graphene–alginate composite scaffolds with great potential for neural tissue engineering.

Cited by 20 publications

References 66 publications

Biodegradable and Biocompatible Graphene-based Scaffolds for Functional Neural Tissue Engineering: A Strategy Approach Using Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Biomaterials

Biodegradable and Biocompatible Graphene-based Scaffolds for Functional Neural Tissue Engineering: A Strategy Approach Using Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Biomaterials

Graphene-Based Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine

Thermally drawn biodegradable fibers with tailored topography for biomedical applications

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