Advantages and recent advances of smart energy grid

Abstract

Smart grid is widely recognized technology used to improve the stability and losses of the electric power system. It is encouraging reliability, efficiency, and effective control of the supply of electrical energy. However, it is a hot topic for recent publications and still has a limited understanding among researchers. This review work is to provide insight and support to the beginner researchers since this topic needs a multidisciplinary background knowledge. The conventional electric transmission system and distribution networks struggle to provide resilient performance and reliable service and real-time data. Also, smart grid id a promising network maneuver to stabilize the system once any disturbances break out by using the distributed renewable energy generators, while the conventional networks lack for flexibility to integrate with renewable energy generators or microgrids. This comprehensive work is conducted to map previous controbution in a coherent manar, including the specifications, features, and fundamentals that are presented to benefit the interested readers interested in smart grid development.

Design methodology of smart photovoltaic plant

“…It should be noted that the average monthly solar radiation in the region exceeded 7.14 kWh/m 2 /day in June and decreased to 2.25 kWh/m²/day in December with an average of 4.72 kWh/m 2 /day. Therefore, the most unfavourable month was taken into account in the design procedure [12], [13].…”

“…The input is the battery voltage (Vb) and the outputs are the signals K1 and K2. The signal (K1) is the command of switch 1 between the GPV and the battery [0,1] and the signal (K2) is the command of switch 2 between the battery and the load [0,1] as shown in Figure 8(a) and 8(b) [13].…”

Internet of things-based photovoltaics parameter monitoring system using NodeMCU ESP8266

“…In addition, solar energy is also the cleanest, environmentally friendly, and abundant type of energy compared to other energy Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708  Internet of things-based photovoltaics parameter monitoring system using … (Tole Sutikno) 5579 sources. Furthermore, the PV technology can be the most efficient source of energy with modern monitoring and control systems [5], [6], [15]- [23].…”

The origin of cycle life degradation of a lead-acid battery under constant voltage charging

“…Wind and solar power sources are intermittent energy sources. This intermittent energy production has to be stabilized using either energy from the grid (for an interconnected power plant) or energy storage (for a stand-alone power system) [2], [3]. In combination with energy storage, e.g., a battery, a controller balances the power generation intermittency and the load dynamics [4]- [7].…”