Advent of phytobiologics and nano-interventions for bone remodeling: a comprehensive review

Gupta, Archita; Mehta, Sanjay; Kumar, Ashok; Singh, Sneha

doi:10.1080/07388551.2021.2010031

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…We also observed the concentration-dependent effect of CQ on NO production (Figure S3C). MSC exosomes have been reported to have some antioxidant potential due to the presence of active catalases, which are important antioxidant enzymes, and various heat shock proteins (HSP) that can be accounted for its therapeutic effect as observed. ,, The effects of CQ can be attributed to the presence of resveratrol and quercetin as active constituents, which have been reported to alleviate ROS-generated apoptosis in various cells. − The bright-field images (Figure S4G) show the migration of HUVEC cells in the presence and absence of exosomes. As we can see in the figure, the cells readily start migrating toward each other in the exosome-treated group, thereby filling the scratch area; however, most of the wound area in the case of the nontreated group was left open.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the empty group, there was little/partial cortical bridging; however, significant bridging was achieved in Group 2 and Group 3, which can be attributed to the PUAOC membrane (Figure B). CQ was reported to help in cortical bridging in various studies. − The defect void was also filled with a trabecula-like porous bone with dense walls, and thus the total bone volume is significantly higher in treatment groups (Figure C). In Group 1, some animals have shown significant cortical bridging, thus contributing to the large bone volume, which can be due to the presence of residual sarcoma cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an osteogenic graft for assisting periosteum formation, we have synthesized an herbal antioxidant membrane of PUAO incorporating Cissus quadrangularis extract (CQ) to achieve local delivery. CQ has been known in our Indian Ayurveda as a bone setter/hadjod, and its extract has been widely used to treat fractures and gout pain; in particular, the anabolic steroids, calcium alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, phytoestrogens, and phosphorous present in CQ assist in the early mineralization of the callus and helps in bone healing. − Currently, it is available in the form of tablets and syrup, with a required dose of 1000–1500 mg/day for an adult . CQ also contains vitamins A and C, thus assisting collagen formation. , The constructed scaffolds were successfully characterized and evaluated for osteogenic, antioxidant activity, and anticancer activity in in vitro and in vivo rat tibial tumor xenograft models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exosome-Functionalized, Drug-Laden Bone Substitute along with an Antioxidant Herbal Membrane for Bone and Periosteum Regeneration in Bone Sarcoma

Gupta

Qayoom

Gupta

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Developing advanced methods for effective bone reconstructive strategies in case of critical bone defects caused by tumor resection, trauma, and other implant-related complications remains a challenging problem in orthopedics. In the clinical management of bone diseases, there is a paradigm shift in using local drugs at the injury site; however, the dead space created during the surgical debridement of necrotic bone and soft tissues (periosteum and underlying muscle) leads to ineffective bone formation, thereby leading to secondary complications, and thus calls for better regenerative approaches. In this study, we have utilized an exosome-functionalized doxorubicin-loaded biodegradable nanocement (NC)-based carrier along with a Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) extract-laden antioxidant herbal membrane for simultaneously managing the periosteum as well as bone formation in the tumor resection model of osteosarcoma. We initially evaluated the efficacy of scaffolds for in vitro mineralization and bone formation. To examine the in vivo effectiveness, we developed a human osteosarcoma cell line (Saos-2)-induced tumor xenograft model with a critical-sized bone defect. The findings revealed that doxorubicin released from NC was successful in killing the tumor cells and was present even after 30 days of implantation. Additionally, the incorporation of exosomes aided the bone formation, resulting in around a 2.6-fold increase in the bone volume compared to the empty group as evaluated by micro-CT. The herbal membrane assisted in the development of periosteum and mineralizing bone callous as validated through histological and immunofluorescence analysis. Thus, our findings describe a one-step biomaterial-based cell-free approach to regenerate bone in osteosarcoma and prevent further fracture due to the complete development of periosteum and lost bone.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exosome-Functionalized, Drug-Laden Bone Substitute along with an Antioxidant Herbal Membrane for Bone and Periosteum Regeneration in Bone Sarcoma

Gupta

Qayoom

Gupta

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Reproduced with permission. [15] Copyright 2021, Taylor and Francis. [PLGA = poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), PCL = polycaprolactone, PAH = poly(allylamine hydrochloride), PSS = poly(styrenesulfonic acid)].…”

Section: Inorganic Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…c) Lipidic nanoparticles where lipids like phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lecithin are used to form bilayers and bioactive molecules are loaded within the core or the lipidic membrane of the particles depending on their chemical nature. Reproduced with permission [15]. Copyright 2021, Taylor and Francis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multimodal Potentials of Gold Nanoparticles for Bone Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: Avenues and Prospects

Gupta

Singh

2022

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In recent times, metal nanoparticles, especially gold nanoparticles (GNPs), have attracted considerable interest in bone regeneration and expanded many folds. Their eminence is governed by the ease in fabrication, stability, controllable size, high surface area, easy functionalization, and multifunctionality. [3] In bone tissue engineering, GNPs can extend their multifunctionality to different dimensions in modulating the fundamental elements of tissue engineering like scaffolds, cells, and bioactive cues. GNPs can improve the scaffolds' physicochemical properties, making them more suitable for bone regeneration. They also stimulate cellular functionality by enhancing adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. GNPs have already been explored for their capability in controlled delivery of the bioactive cues providing eminent therapeutic potential. Besides controlling the osseous tissue functionality, they also regulate the immunological and vascularization process propounding the tissue repair mechanism adding to extensive neo-bone formation. Gold has been considered the most stable and nontoxic metal, but its reduction to nanometric ranges changes the surface properties making them more reactive and functional than its bulk counterpart. [4] Many studies have been conducted to determine the toxicity of GNPs in biological systems. Nevertheless, mainly being safe, gold in nanometric range can exhibit toxicity depending on their size, shape, surface charge, and functionalization. Therefore, it becomes crucial to extensively study the cytocompatibility of these nanoparticles for every biological activity conferred by them.The current review focuses on exploring the multiple potentials of GNPs, which are revolutionizing the field of bone tissue engineering as regenerative therapy. The first part of the review deals with the involvement of nanoparticles in the areas of osteogenesis and how they help in remodeling the osseous tissues. The second part extensively defines the bone regenerative mechanism of GNPs through different dimensions ranging from the modulation of scaffold properties to the development of vascular networks and their interplay studies. Finally, the last part of the review unfolds the toxicological aspects of GNPs explored so far and the associated future opportunities rendered by them in bone tissue engineering.Osseous tissue repair has advanced due to the introduction of tissue engineering. The key elements required while engineering new tissues involve scaffolds, cells, and bioactive cues. The macrostructural to the nanostructural framework of such complex tissue has engrossed the intervention of nanotechnology for efficient neo-bone formation. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have recently gained interest in bone tissue regeneration due to their multimodal functionality. They are proven to modulate the properties of scaffolds and the osteogenic cells significantly. GNPs also influence different metabolic functions within the body, which directly or indirectly govern the mechanism of bone reg...

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Regulation of small RNA-mediated high temperature stress responses in crop plants

et al. 2021

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Advent of phytobiologics and nano-interventions for bone remodeling: a comprehensive review

Cited by 6 publications

References 175 publications

Exosome-Functionalized, Drug-Laden Bone Substitute along with an Antioxidant Herbal Membrane for Bone and Periosteum Regeneration in Bone Sarcoma

Exosome-Functionalized, Drug-Laden Bone Substitute along with an Antioxidant Herbal Membrane for Bone and Periosteum Regeneration in Bone Sarcoma

Multimodal Potentials of Gold Nanoparticles for Bone Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: Avenues and Prospects

Regulation of small RNA-mediated high temperature stress responses in crop plants

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