Adverse childhood events as risk factors for substance dependence: Partial mediation by mood and anxiety disorders

Douglas, Kara; Chan, Grace; Gelernter, Joel; Arias, Albert J.; Anton, Raymond F.; Weiss, Roger D.; Brady, Kathleen T.; Poling, James; Farrer, Lindsay A.; Kranzler, Henry R.

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.07.004

Cited by 224 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…42 Data from a representative US sample indicated that depression mediated the relation between physical abuse and current alcohol and drug abuse. 24 One study 43 found that mood and anxiety disorders partially mediated the relations between childhood adversity (measured as severe physical abuse, sexual abuse, and witnessing violent crime during childhood) and substance dependence (including alcohol, cocaine, and [or] opioid dependence). Collectively, these findings are important because they indicate that comorbid mental disorders may help to partially explain the relation between childhood maltreatment and SUDs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Maltreatment and Substance Use Disorders among Men and Women in a Nationally Representative Sample

et al. 2012

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Objective: To examine the association between a history of 5 types of childhood maltreatment (that is, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect) and several substance use disorders (SUDs), including alcohol, sedatives, tranquilizers, opioids, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, heroin, and nicotine, in a nationally representative US adult sex-stratified sample.Method: Data were drawn from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a nationally representative US sample of adults aged 20 years and older (n = 34 653). Logistic regression models were conducted to understand the relations between 5 types of childhood maltreatment and SUDs separately among men and women after adjusting for sociodemographic variables and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) Axis I and II mental disorders.Results: All 5 types of childhood maltreatment were associated with increased odds of all individual SUDs among men and women after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, with the exception of physical neglect and heroin abuse or dependence, emotional neglect, and amphetamines and cocaine abuse or dependence among men (adjusted odds ratio range 1.3 to 4.7). After further adjustment for other DSM Axis I and II mental disorders, the relations between childhood maltreatment and SUDs were attenuated, but many remained statistically significant. Differences in the patterns of findings were noted for men and women for sexual abuse and emotional neglect. Conclusions:This research provides evidence of the robust nature of the relations between many types of childhood maltreatment and many individual SUDs. The prevention of childhood maltreatment may help to reduce SUDs in the general population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Maltreatment and Substance Use Disorders among Men and Women in a Nationally Representative Sample

et al. 2012

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“…The association between CMT and later substance use disorders (SUDs) appears to be strong, with more severe maltreatment increasing the association (Douglas et al, 2010; Dube et al, 2003). Previous research has found experiences of CMT to be associated with a younger age at initiation to substance use (Tonmyr, Thornton, Draca, & Wekerle, 2010) and more serious substance abuse (Taplin, Saddichha, Li, & Krausz, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood maltreatment trauma: a comparison between patients in treatment for substance use disorders and patients in mental health treatment

Rasmussen¹,

Arefjord

Winje

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: While previous research has found strong associations between childhood maltreatment trauma and substance use disorders (SUDs), the role of possible moderating effects of gender and mediating effects of psychopathology and SUD is unclear.Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate differences in self-reported childhood maltreatment trauma, general psychological distress, and post-traumatic stress symptoms between 112 patients in treatment for substance use disorders (SUD group) and 112 matched controls with mild to moderate mental health disorders (comparison group).Methods: Childhood maltreatment trauma was measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire – Short Form (CTQ-SF). General psychological distress was measured by the Symptom Checklist-90 – Revised (SCL-90-R), and post-traumatic stress symptoms were measured by the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R).Results: The SUD group reported more severe childhood maltreatment trauma than the comparison group. Females in the SUD group reported more severe and various forms of trauma compared to males. The SUD group reported higher mean scores on the SCL-90-R, but the proportions of people with caseness scores on the IES-R and the SCL-90-R were similar in the two samples. The SUD group reported more avoidance symptoms than the comparison group.Conclusion: This study adds further evidence to the repeatedly found strong associations between childhood maltreatment trauma and SUD, implying that the prevention of childhood maltreatment trauma may reduce the occurrence of SUD. Furthermore, patients with SUD should be screened for childhood maltreatment trauma, and the results should be applied in trauma-informed as well as trauma-focused interventions aimed to help this population. The association appears to be particularly strong for female substance users.

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“…In addition, they are more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior, have an eating disorder, or attempt suicide (Castillo Mezzich et al, 1997;Kendler et al, 2000;Polusny & Follette, 1995;Rodriguez-Srednicki, 2002). Problematic substance use and early onset of drinking are also associated with early childhood trauma (Douglas et al, 2010;Dube et al, 2006;Epstein et al, 1998;Grayson & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2005;Lo and Cheng, 2007;Polusny & Follette, 1995;Shin et al, 2009;Simpson & Miller, 2002). In one study of 1,411 female adult twins, those who reported childhood sexual assault (30.4%) were at a threefold increased risk of becoming dependent on alcohol or other drugs (Kendler et al, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping Expectancies, Not Enhancement Expectancies, Mediate Trauma Experience Effects on Problem Alcohol Use: A Prospective Study From Early Childhood to Adolescence

Jester

Steinberg

Heitzeg

et al. 2015

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective:The relationship between experiencing trauma and increased alcohol consumption has been well established. Exposure to childhood trauma has been linked to both early onset of drinking and problematic substance use. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. The results of early work suggested that drinking to relieve negative affect (i.e., drinking to cope) was driving this connection. However, the findings of more recent work suggest that drinking might be used to enhance positive affect as a way of addressing the aftereffects of early trauma. The current study looked at these two drinking expectancies as indirect pathways between the experience in early childhood of living in a home with parental violence and peak alcohol use in emerging adulthood. Method: Participants were 1,064 children and their parents involved in a longitudinal community study of children at high risk for the development of alcoholism and a community contrast group of those at lower risk. Baseline assessment was at age 3-5 years, self-reports of internalizing behavior and drinking expectancies were obtained at age 12-14, and drinking measures were assessed at age 18-20. Results: Results indicated that coping expectancy was a mediator of the relationship between early childhood trauma and later peak alcohol use, whereas enhancement expectancy was not. Conclusions: Children living in homes with parental violence were more likely to develop ineffective coping strategies, such as using alcohol to decrease negative affect. These results support the self-medication theory. They also demonstrate the long-term effects of early life experience on drinking behavior in early adulthood. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 76, 781-789, 2015)

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Adverse childhood events as risk factors for substance dependence: Partial mediation by mood and anxiety disorders

Cited by 224 publications

References 39 publications

Childhood Maltreatment and Substance Use Disorders among Men and Women in a Nationally Representative Sample

Childhood Maltreatment and Substance Use Disorders among Men and Women in a Nationally Representative Sample

Childhood maltreatment trauma: a comparison between patients in treatment for substance use disorders and patients in mental health treatment

Coping Expectancies, Not Enhancement Expectancies, Mediate Trauma Experience Effects on Problem Alcohol Use: A Prospective Study From Early Childhood to Adolescence

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