Adverse Childhood Experiences: Implications for Offspring Telomere Length and Psychopathology

Esteves, Kyle; Jones, Christopher W.; Wade, Mark; Callerame, Keegan; Smith, Alicia K.; Theall, Katherine P.; Drury, Stacy S.

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18030335

Cited by 62 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Although the offspring in the present study were not exposed to maternal separation, their mothers were exposed to maternal separation. Because transgenerational effects of early life stress have been reported in both humans (Esteves et al 2019) and rodents (Weiss et al 2011), our results in the offspring may be the result of transgenerational effects of early life stress in our dams. One of the mechanisms responsible for the potential transgenerational effects on aggressive behavior is through physiological changes in the dam.…”

Section: Effects Of Elsd On Offspring Aggressive and Sexual Behaviormentioning

confidence: 87%

Perinatal fluoxetine treatment and dams’ early life stress history have opposite effects on aggressive behavior while having little impact on sexual behavior of male rat offspring

et al. 2020

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Rationale Many depressed women continue antidepressant treatment during pregnancy. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment during pregnancy increases the risk for abnormal social development of the child, including increased aggressive or defiant behavior, with unknown effects on sexual behavior. Objectives Our aim was to investigate the effects of perinatal SSRI treatment and maternal depression, both separately and combined, on aggressive and sexual behavior in male rat offspring. Methods Heterozygous serotonin transporter (SERT± ) knockout dams exposed to early life stress (ELSD) were used as an animal model of maternal depression. Early life stress consisted of separating litters from their mother for 6 h a day on postnatal day (PND)2–15, resulting in a depressive-like phenotype in adulthood. Depressive-like dams were treated with fluoxetine (FLX, 10 mg/kg) or vehicle throughout pregnancy and lactation (gestational day 1 until PND 21). Male offspring were tested for aggressive and sexual behavior in adulthood. As lifelong reductions in SERT expression are known to alter behavioral outcome, offspring with normal (SERT+/+) and reduced (SERT± ) SERT expression were assessed. Results Perinatal FLX treatment reduced offensive behavior and the number of animals attacking and increased the latency to attack, especially in SERT+/+ offspring. Perinatal FLX treatment reduced the mounting frequency in SERT+/+ offspring. ELSD increased offensive behavior, without affecting sexual behavior in SERT± offspring. Conclusions Overall, our research demonstrates that perinatal FLX treatment and ELSD have opposite effects on aggressive behavior, with little impact on sexual behavior of male offspring.

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Section: Effects Of Elsd On Offspring Aggressive and Sexual Behaviormentioning

confidence: 87%

Perinatal fluoxetine treatment and dams’ early life stress history have opposite effects on aggressive behavior while having little impact on sexual behavior of male rat offspring

et al. 2020

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“…This extraordinarily high rate of exposure to traumatic events is even more profound when other adverse experiences are taken into account including chronic childhood maltreatment (Kessler et al, 2010 ), economic marginalization (Patel et al, 2018 ), racism (Williams, 1999 ), and climate change (Doherty & Clayton, 2011 ). The neurotoxic effects of exposure to such experiences are far-reaching and range from compromised neurocompetence (Teicher, Samson, Anderson, & Ohashi, 2016 ), psychopathology including PTSD (McLaughlin et al, 2013 ) and depression (Mandelli, Petrelli, & Serretti, 2015 ), to adverse physical effects acting at molecular (Esteves et al, 2020 ; Pitman et al, 2012 ) and systemic levels (Sumner et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological resilience: an update on definitions, a critical appraisal, and research recommendations

Denckla

Cicchetti

Kubzansky³

et al. 2020

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

162

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“…Childhood trauma also increases the risk of respiratory, heart, and metabolic diseases [ 13 ]. Childhood trauma deteriorates health through various mechanisms such as systemic inflammation [ 14 ], reducing telomere length [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], and DNA methylation [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Exposure to childhood trauma also impacts the developing brain [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Socioeconomic Status and Exposure to Childhood Trauma: Racial Differences

Assari

2020

Children

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Background: Minorities’ diminished returns (MDRs) refer to weaker effects of socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as parental educational attainment and family income in generating tangible childhood outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities compared to the majority group, a pattern prevalent in the US. Our existing knowledge is minimal, however, about diminished returns of family SES on reducing exposure to childhood trauma. Aim: To determine if there was a difference between non-Hispanic whites (NHW) and non-Hispanic blacks (NHB) in the effect of SES on exposure to childhood trauma among children ages 8–11 years old. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 4696 NHW or NHB American 8–11-year-old children who were participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. The independent variables were parental educational attainment and family income. The primary outcome was exposure to 1 or 2+ childhood traumas, measured by the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) semi-structured interview. Polynomial regression was used for data analysis. Results: Parental education and family income had statistically significant protective (negative) effects on childhood trauma, indicating children from high income and highly educated families were exposed to a lower level of childhood trauma. However, race/ethnicity showed statistically significant interactions with parental education and family income on exposure to childhood trauma, indicating weaker protective effects of parental education and family income on reducing exposure to trauma for NHB compared to NHW children. Race-specific models showed protective effects of parental education and family income on exposure to childhood trauma for NHW but not NHB children. Conclusion: The protective effects of parental education and family income against exposure to childhood trauma are systematically diminished for NHBs compared to NHWs. To minimize the racial/ethnic health gaps, diminished returns of parental education and family income should be addressed. There is a need for programs and interventions that equalize not only SES but also the marginal returns of SES for ethnic groups. Such efforts require addressing structural and societal barriers that hinder NHB families from translating their SES resources into tangible outcomes. There is a need for studies that can minimize MDRs for NHB families, such that SES can similarly secure tangible outcomes in the presence of SES resources.

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Adverse Childhood Experiences: Implications for Offspring Telomere Length and Psychopathology

Cited by 62 publications

References 69 publications

Perinatal fluoxetine treatment and dams’ early life stress history have opposite effects on aggressive behavior while having little impact on sexual behavior of male rat offspring

Perinatal fluoxetine treatment and dams’ early life stress history have opposite effects on aggressive behavior while having little impact on sexual behavior of male rat offspring

Psychological resilience: an update on definitions, a critical appraisal, and research recommendations

Family Socioeconomic Status and Exposure to Childhood Trauma: Racial Differences

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