Adverse drug reactions in a South Indian hospital—their severity and cost involved

Abstract

Detection and prevention of ADRs at the earliest is very important as they can cause not only morbidity and mortality but also involve high health care cost in their management. Well-trained pharmacists in the area of ADR detection, reporting and monitoring could prove as an asset in providing better patient care.

Adverse drug events in hospitals: a systematic review

“…Only 41.4% (12/29) 6,7,10,11,12,20,21,26,27,28,29,33 provided information about age, and 24.1% (7/29) 6,7,10,20,26,27,33 on gender. As for the unit of analysis, 62.1% (18/29) 6,7,10,11,12,15,18,20,21,24,25,26,27,30,31,32,33,34 used the number of patients or patient charts, 48.3% (14/29) 6,8,9,12,14,16,17,20,22,23,25,28,29,33 the number of admissions or discharges, and 24.1% (7/29) 13,16,17,19,31,…”

“…four 10,11,14,30 did not provide information on the place where they were performed. Interestingly, 62.1% of the studies (18/29) 6,7,8,9,12,13,15,16,19,20,21,22,25,26,27,31,33,34 involved university, academic, or teaching hospitals, i.e., presumably large-scale, high-complexity hospital units.…”

“…Twenty-eight articles remained 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33 for evaluation, plus one more article retrieved by manual search 34 . Table 1 describes the studies, conducted in 13 countries from North America, Europe, South America, and Asia.…”

“…Forty-eight percent of the studies (14/29) 6,8,9,14,18,19,22,23,24,25,28,29,30,31 used a retrospective approach, i.e., the presence of ADEs was analyzed after the patient was discharged; 48.3% of the studies (14/29) 7,11,12,13,15,16,17,20,21,26,27,32,33,34 used a prospective approach, whereby the ADEs were identified during the hospital stay; and one study 10 was cross-sectional, where ADEs were identified using a survey. Among the studies with a prospective approach, two used retrospective strategies to complement the evaluation, based on an analysis of hospital discharge forms 16,21 .…”

Adverse drug reaction profile and prescription pattern of antihypertensive drug monotherapy at tertiary care hospital Nepalgunj, Nepal

“…This is consistent with the findings of the common complaints with the usage of amlodipine were: ankle oedema, Gastro oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), headache, gingival enlargement, palpitation. 5,9,11 Ankle edema has been reported as the most common problem with amlodipine by Ramesh et al and also in other study conducted on 57 patients in Belgium by Biston et al [12][13][14] Ankle edema occurs with amlodipine because of vasodilation in the distal arterioles, thereby leading to increased intravascular capillary pressures and increased venous pressures, at least in the lower extremities and eventually leakage of fluid into the extracellular space. 10 Diarrhoea, impotence, joint pain, paraesthesia in limbs, thirst had been reported as common side effects associated with diuretic hydrochlorothiazide.…”