Adverse effects of anabolic steroids in athletes

Maravelias, C; Dona, Artemis; Stefanidou, Maria; Spiliopoulou, Chara

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.06.005

Cited by 299 publications

(286 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Most of studies in pre-menopausal women have shown an increase in free testosterone with increasing body Weight 31,34,35 . our results are inconsistent to these observations, but in agreement with other studies which confirm an inverse correlations in women between androgen and BMI, wist to hip ratio, although their statistic significance is less evident 16,36,37 , however there are conflicting data on this subject. The matter of female obesity and androgens may still need in-depth research.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

The impact of body mass index on serum androgen and leptin association in reproductive age women

AL-Mandalawi

Khzer²

2013

ZJMS

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Background and objective: Obesity has been associated with increased androgenicity in women. There are, however, major inconsistencies in available data concerning the possible association between androgenicity and leptin in humans.The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of body mass index on androgens and the potential contribution of leptin in determination of androgen levels in women. Methods: The study included 80 healthy females with an established Body Mass Index (BMI). They were divided into 4 groups. First group, 30 normal weight subjects (BMI<25 Kg/m 2 ), second group, 25 overweight subjects (BMI=25-29.9 Kg/m 2 ) , third group,15 obese grade-I subjects (BMI=30-34.9 Kg/m 2 ) and forth group, 10 obese grade-II subjects (BMI>35 Kg/m 2 ). Serum, leptin, free testosterone, androstenedione, glucose, lipid profile and body mass index were measured. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in median serum androstenedione, while free testosterone was significantly lower (14.5 pg/ml) in obese grade II and higher in normal weight (60 pg/ml) and statistically significant increase in serum leptin with increase in body mass index. Serum free testosterone was lower (23.5 pg/ml) in subjects with highest quartile serum leptin and higher (43pg/ml), in subjects with lowest quartile serum leptin, the difference was not significant statistically.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

The impact of body mass index on serum androgen and leptin association in reproductive age women

AL-Mandalawi

Khzer²

2013

ZJMS

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“…Besides the favourable effects that sport supplements may have on body composition, the potential ED substances present in these products may also have undesirable effects. The list of detrimental effects they may cause in humans and their progeny is described in many reviews and clinical studies providing links with infertility, heart problems and different types of carcinoma [8,[30][31][32]. Furthermore, of concern is that this study obtained a positive hormonal response in more then 70% of the tested products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…doi:10.1016/j.aca.2010. 12.014 including prostate carcinoma, reproduction system abnormalities, hepatotoxicity, heart disease and psychiatric symptoms [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of reporter gene assays for the detection of endocrine disruptors in sport supplements

Plotan

Elliott²,

Scippo³

et al. 2011

Analytica Chimica Acta

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. a b s t r a c tThe increasing availability and use of sports supplements is of concern as highlighted by a number of studies reporting endocrine disruptor contamination in such products. The health food supplement market, including sport supplements, is growing across the Developed World. Therefore, the need to ensure the quality and safety of sport supplements for the consumer is essential. The development and validation of two reporter gene assays coupled with solid phase sample preparation enabling the detection of estrogenic and androgenic constituents in sport supplements is reported. Both assays were shown to be of high sensitivity with the estrogen and androgen reporter gene assays having an EC 50 of 0.01 ng mL −1 and 0.16 ng mL −1 respectively.The developed assays were applied in a survey of 63 sport supplements samples obtained across the Island of Ireland with an additional seven reference samples previously investigated using LC-MS/MS. Androgen and estrogen bio-activity was found in 71% of the investigated samples. Bio-activity profiling was further broken down into agonists, partial agonists and antagonists. Supplements (13) with the strongest estrogenic bio-activity were chosen for further investigation. LC-MS/MS analysis of these samples determined the presence of phytoestrogens in seven of them. Supplements (38) with androgen bio-activity were also selected for further investigation. Androgen agonist bio-activity was detected in 12 supplements, antagonistic bio-activity was detected in 16 and partial antagonistic bio-activity was detected in 10. A further group of supplements (7) did not present androgenic bio-activity when tested alone but enhanced the androgenic agonist bio-activity of dihydrotestosterone when combined.The developed assays offer advantages in detection of known, unknown and low-level mixtures of endocrine disruptors over existing analytical screening techniques. For the detection and identification of constituent hormonally active compounds the combination of biological and physio-chemical techniques is optimal.

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“…Any substance or combination of substances presented as having properties for treating or preventing disease in human beings; or b. Any substance or combination of substances which may be used in or administered to human beings either with a view to restoring, correcting or modifying physiological functions by exerting a pharmacological, immunological or metabolic action, or to making a medical diagnosis" [36].…”

Section: Effects Of Taking Steroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bigger, Faster, Stronger! An Overview of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and their Use and Impact on the Sport Industry

O'Hagan

Walton

2015

FRCIJ

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Adverse effects of anabolic steroids in athletes

Cited by 299 publications

References 50 publications

The impact of body mass index on serum androgen and leptin association in reproductive age women

The impact of body mass index on serum androgen and leptin association in reproductive age women

The application of reporter gene assays for the detection of endocrine disruptors in sport supplements

Bigger, Faster, Stronger! An Overview of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and their Use and Impact on the Sport Industry

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