Adverse effects of immunosuppression after liver transplantation

Noble, Johan; Terrec, Florian; Malvezzi, Paolo; Rostaing, Lionel

doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2021.101762

Cited by 25 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Dialysis can help slow the progression of chronic kidney disease to a certain extent, but other treatments are limited, leaving kidney transplantation as the only option [ 27 ]. Immunosuppressive medications such as cyclosporine, sirolimus, corticosteroids, and azathioprine are used to prevent organ rejection in patients but can have serious adverse effects such as nephrotoxicity, diabetes, hypertension, increased infection risk, blood clots, seizures, and cardiovascular problems [ 28 ].…”

Section: Conventional Treatments and The Nanotechnology-based Approac...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Implication of Nanoparticles to Combat Chronic Liver and Kidney Diseases: Progress and Perspectives

et al. 2022

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Liver and kidney diseases are the most frequently encountered problems around the globe. Damage to the liver and kidney may occur as a result of exposure to various drugs, chemicals, toxins, and pathogens, leading to severe disease conditions such as cirrhosis, fibrosis, hepatitis, acute kidney injury, and liver and renal failure. In this regard, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) has emerged as a rapidly developing field of study in terms of safe delivery of various medications to target organs with minimal side effects. Due to their physical characteristics, NPs have inherent pharmacological effects, and an accidental buildup can have a significant impact on the structure and function of the liver and kidney. By suppressing the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines iNOS and COX-2, NPs are known to possess anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, NPs have demonstrated their ability to operate as an antioxidant, squelching the generation of ROS caused by substances that cause oxidative stress. Finally, because of their pro-oxidant properties, they are also known to increase the level of ROS, which causes malignant liver and kidney cells to undergo apoptosis. As a result, NPs can be regarded as a double-edged sword whose inherent therapeutic benefits can be refined as we work to comprehend them in terms of their toxicity.

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Section: Conventional Treatments and The Nanotechnology-based Approac...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Implication of Nanoparticles to Combat Chronic Liver and Kidney Diseases: Progress and Perspectives

et al. 2022

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“…A higher percentage of ACR is reported in liver transplant recipients, where 25–60% of children and up to 25% of adults can experience at least one episode of rejection in the first-year post-transplant, while the rate of rejection in kidney transplant has been reported to range from 5 to 20% in recent years [ 9 – 14 ]. Prevention and treatment of rejection requires the lifelong burden of immunosuppression that is inevitably associated with increased risk of infection, de novo malignancy, and cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease and thus directly impacts long-term survival and quality of life [ 15 , 16 ]. On the other hand, a subset of SOT recipients can retain stable allograft function while receiving reduced doses of immunosuppressive drugs or after being completely weaned off immunosuppression, achieving a state of “operational tolerance” [ 17 – 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting transplant immunology through the lens of single-cell technologies

et al. 2022

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Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is the standard of care for end-stage organ disease. The most frequent complication of SOT involves allograft rejection, which may occur via T cell– and/or antibody-mediated mechanisms. Diagnosis of rejection in the clinical setting requires an invasive biopsy as there are currently no reliable biomarkers to detect rejection episodes. Likewise, it is virtually impossible to identify patients who exhibit operational tolerance and may be candidates for reduced or complete withdrawal of immunosuppression. Emerging single-cell technologies, including cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF), imaging mass cytometry, and single-cell RNA sequencing, represent a new opportunity for deep characterization of pathogenic immune populations involved in both allograft rejection and tolerance in clinical samples. These techniques enable examination of both individual cellular phenotypes and cell-to-cell interactions, ultimately providing new insights into the complex pathophysiology of allograft rejection. However, working with these large, highly dimensional datasets requires expertise in advanced data processing and analysis using computational biology techniques. Machine learning algorithms represent an optimal strategy to analyze and create predictive models using these complex datasets and will likely be essential for future clinical application of patient level results based on single-cell data. Herein, we review the existing literature on single-cell techniques in the context of SOT. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00281-022-00958-0.

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“…Some important side effects reported in the medical literature include nephrotoxicity, hypertension, post‐transplant diabetes mellitus (PTMD), new‐onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT), dyslipidemia, and modification of the cardiovascular risk profile. 2 Multiple electrolyte disorders, such as hyperkalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalciuria, and metabolic acidosis, have also been reported. 3 Cardiovascular adverse effects such as NODAT, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension with an increased risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, and heart failure have been described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%