Adverse Impacts of 5G Downlinks on Human Body

Nasim, Imtiaz; Kim, Seungmo

doi:10.1109/southeastcon42311.2019.9020454

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The studies in [28]- [29] which found changes in the cognitive function of human upon exposure, however, did not report the SAR levels. On the other hand, other studies which reported SAR levels [15], [26], [31], [45] and E-field strength/power density [19], [44] indicated that the exposures did not affect the cognitive functions of the volunteers, as shown in Table I. Note also that all studies reported SAR levels within the regulatory limits of either 2 W/kg for the human head, 4 W/kg for the human limb, or E-field strength/power density within the limit of 61 V/m or 10 W/m 2 between 2 and 300 GHz, as specified by ICNIRP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Health Effects of 5G Base Station Exposure: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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The Fifth Generation (5G) communication technology will deliver faster data speeds and support numerous new applications such as virtual and augmented reality. The additional need for a larger number of 5G base stations has sparked widespread public concerns about their possible negative health impacts. This review analyzes the latest research on electromagnetic exposure on humans, with particular attention to its effect on cognitive performance, well-being, physiological parameters, and Electroencephalography (EEG). While most of their results indicated no changes in cognitive function, physiological parameters, or overall well-being, the strength of the EEG alpha wave is noticed to vary depending on various aspects of cognitive functions. However, the available studies have not investigated the health effects resulting from exposure from the 5G mobile phone and base station antennas from 700 MHz to 30 GHz on the cognitive performance, well-being subjective symptoms, human physiological parameters, and EEG of adults. There is a need for such research regarding this current emerging technology. Such studies are significant in determining whether 5G technology is indeed safe for humans.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Similarly, other studies in [19], [26], [31], and [44] reported the room conditions but observed no effect of MP and BS exposures on cognitive function. Conversely, the only study which reported no effect of MP exposure on the cognitive function did not clarify the room condition [15].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Health Effects of 5G Base Station Exposure: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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“…More specifically, Thors et al [13] evaluate realistic maximum power levels of a 5G gNB employing beams focused on users. Nasim and Kim [14] evaluate the EMF exposure from 5G gNBs employing beamforming. Their model, however, assumes only fixed (and wide) beams, thus neglecting the impact of pencil beams that are oriented (and tuned) towards the single users.…”

Section: Emf Assessment Of Beamformingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Pencil Beamforming Increases Human Exposure to ElectroMagnetic Fields”: True or False?

et al. 2021

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According to a very popular belief -very widespread among non-scientific communitiesthe exploitation of narrow beams, a.k.a. ''pencil beamforming'', results in a prompt increase of exposure levels radiated by 5G Base Stations (BSs). To face such concern with a scientific approach, in this work we propose a novel localization-enhanced pencil beamforming technique, in which the traffic beams are tuned in accordance with the uncertainty localization levels of User Equipment (UE). Compared to currently deployed beamforming techniques, which generally employ beams of fixed width, we exploit the localization functionality made available by the 5G architecture to synthesize the direction and the width of each pencil beam towards each served UE. We then evaluate the effectiveness of pencil beamforming in terms of ElectroMagnetic Field (EMF) exposure and UE throughput levels over different realistic casestudies. Results, obtained from a publicly released open-source simulator, dispel the myth: the adoption of localization-enhanced pencil beamforming triggers a prompt reduction of exposure w.r.t. other alternative techniques, which include e.g., beams of fixed width and cellular coverage not exploiting beamforming. The EMF reduction is achieved not only for the UE that are served by the pencil beams, but also over the whole territory (including the locations in proximity to the 5G BS). In addition, large throughput levels -adequate for most of 5G services -can be guaranteed when each UE is individually served by one dedicated beam.INDEX TERMS 5G cellular networks, 5G localization service, pencil beam management, EMF analysis, throughput analysis.

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“…This present paper is distinguished from our previous studies in [14] [15] in the sense that it addresses the human EMF exposure issues in the wearable communications environment, which has a more relevant insight for the military applications. Wearable devices can provide easier access to information and convenience for their users.…”

Section: Mitigation Of Emf Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Human EMF Exposure in Wearable Networks for Internet of Battlefield Things

Nasim

Kim

2019

MILCOM 2019 - 2019 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)

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Numerous antenna design approaches for wearable applications have been investigated in the literature. As onbody wearable communications become more ingrained in our daily activities, the necessity to investigate the impacts of these networks burgeons as a major requirement. In this study, we investigate the human electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure effect from on-body wearable devices at 2.4 GHz and 60 GHz, and compare the results to illustrate how the technology evolution to higher frequencies from wearable communications can impact our health. Our results suggest the average specific absorption rate (SAR) at 60 GHz can exceed the regulatory guidelines within a certain separation distance between a wearable device and the human skin surface. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first work that explicitly compares the human EMF exposure at different operating frequencies for on-body wearable communications, which provides a direct roadmap in design of wearable devices to be deployed in the Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT).

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Adverse Impacts of 5G Downlinks on Human Body

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

Health Effects of 5G Base Station Exposure: A Systematic Review

Health Effects of 5G Base Station Exposure: A Systematic Review

“Pencil Beamforming Increases Human Exposure to ElectroMagnetic Fields”: True or False?

Human EMF Exposure in Wearable Networks for Internet of Battlefield Things

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