Aedes aegypti Control Strategies in Brazil: Incorporation  of New Technologies to Overcome the Persistence of  Dengue Epidemics

Araújo, Helena Rocha Corrêa de; Carvalho, Danilo O.; Ioshino, Rafaella Sayuri; Costa-da-Silva, André Luis; Capurro, Margareth Lara

doi:10.3390/insects6020576

Cited by 113 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…No entanto, em vista do grande registro de casos de arboviroses nos últimos anos no Brasil, é possível concluir pela baixa efetividade do programa em reduzir as populações de vetores em níveis que poderiam interromper a transmissão das doenças (Araújo et al, 2015;Paes de Andrade et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Aedes aegypti e sociedade: o impacto econômico das arboviroses no Brasil

Teich¹,

Arinelli²,

Fahham³

2017

JBES

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RESUMOObjetivo: Arboviroses são motivo de preocupação para a saúde pública, com impactos clínicos e econômicos negativos. Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar custos de combate ao vetor, custos médicos diretos e custos indiretos associados à dengue clássica, dengue hemorrágica, chikungunya e infecção pelo Zika vírus (ZIKV) no Brasil, para o ano de 2016. Métodos: As análises quantificaram custos relacionados ao combate ao vetor, como repasses de recursos federais e aquisição de pesticidas, custos médicos diretos para tratamento das doenças por meio de condutas de manejo ambulatorial e hospitalar e custos indiretos relacionados ao absenteísmo, calculados com base em estudos publicados ou de estimativa de anos de vida ajustados por incapacidade (AVAIs). Resultados: O investimento para combate ao vetor foi de R$ 1,5 bilhão no Brasil e o custo reportado pelo governo federal para aquisição de inseticidas e larvicidas foi de R$ 78,6 milhões. Custos médicos diretos geraram gasto total de R$ 374 milhões. Febre chikungunya apresentou o maior número de AVAIs perdidos por episódio da doença (0,036 AVAI), seguido pela infecção por ZIKV (0,005 AVAI). O custo indireto total foi estimado em R$ 431 milhões. Custos totais com o manejo das arboviroses atingiram impacto de R$ 2,3 bilhões no Brasil, em 2016. Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Bahia e Rio de Janeiro apresentaram os maiores custos. Conclusões: Arboviroses geram consideráveis impactos econômico e social ao Brasil. Custos de combate ao vetor, custos médicos diretos e custos indiretos representaram 2% do orçamento previsto para a saúde no País, em 2016. ABSTRACTObjective: Arboviruses are a cause of concern for public health, with negative clinical and economic impacts. The objective of this study was to evaluate costs of vector control, direct medical costs and indirect costs associated with classical dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, chikungunya and Zika virus infection in Brazil for the year 2016. Methods: The analyzes quantified costs related to vector control, such as federal resource transfers and acquisition of pesticides, direct medical costs related to diseases treatment through outpatient and hospital management, and indirect costs related to absenteeism, calculated from published studies or estimates of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Results: The investment for vector combat was R$ 1.5 billion in Brazil and the cost reported by federal government for the acquisition of insecticides and larvicides was R$ 78.6 million. Direct medical costs generated total expenses of R$ 374 million. Fever chikungunya presented the highest number of DALYs lost per episode of disease (0.036 DALYs), followed by Zika virus infection (0.005 DALYs). Total indirect cost was estimated at R$ 431 million. Total costs with the management of arboviroses reached an impact of R$ 2.3 billion in Brazil for 2016. Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Bahia and Rio de Janeiro presented the highest costs. Conclusions: Arboviroses generate considerable economic and social impact to Brazil. Vector combat c...

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Aedes aegypti e sociedade: o impacto econômico das arboviroses no Brasil

Teich¹,

Arinelli²,

Fahham³

2017

JBES

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“…Zika virus prevention centers on personal avoidance of mosquito bites and reducing mosquito populations. 64 Personal avoidance measures include staying in buildings with air-conditioning or with window and door screens, wearing fulllength garments and socks, and using mosquito repellent. 62 Permethrin-treated clothing can repel mosquitoes.…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika Virus Disease: A CDC Update for Pediatric Health Care Providers

et al. 2016

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Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus discovered in Africa in 1947. Most persons with Zika virus infection are asymptomatic; symptoms when present are generally mild and include fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis. Since early 2015, Zika virus has spread rapidly through the Americas, with local transmission identified in 31 countries and territories as of February 29, 2016, including several US territories. All age groups are susceptible to Zika virus infection, including children. Maternal–fetal transmission of Zika virus has been documented; evidence suggests that congenital Zika virus infection is associated with microcephaly and other adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes. Perinatal transmission has been reported in 2 cases; 1 was asymptomatic, and the other had thrombocytopenia and a rash. Based on limited information, Zika virus infection in children is mild, similar to that in adults. The long-term sequelae of congenital, perinatal, and pediatric Zika virus infection are largely unknown. No vaccine to prevent Zika virus infection is available, and treatment is supportive. The primary means of preventing Zika virus infection is prevention of mosquito bites in areas with local Zika virus transmission. Given the possibility of limited local transmission of Zika virus in the continental United States and frequent travel from affected countries to the United States, US pediatric health care providers need to be familiar with Zika virus infection. This article reviews the Zika virus, its epidemiologic characteristics, clinical presentation, laboratory testing, treatment, and prevention to assist providers in the evaluation and management of children with possible Zika virus infection.

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“…Control measures are similar to the measures adopted for Dengue and Chikungunya viruses that are also transmitted by vectors (Pinto et al 2015). Mosquito of the genus Aedes is the vector transmitting Zika virus and also another important vectorborne disease namely Dengue (Ara ujo et al 2015). Hence, control of vector population is of prime importance to control the transmission of these important dreadful diseases among humans.…”

Section: Prevention and Control Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prevention and control are the only available weapon in the arsenal to keep this disease under check. Several approaches for controlling mosquito population like mechanical control, use of chemicals, and genetic control methods are available (Ara ujo et al 2015). The WHO has issued an alert to the public regarding Zika disease on 1 February 2016 (Citrome 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus – emergence, evolution, pathology, diagnosis, and control: current global scenario and future perspectives – a comprehensive review

Singh

Dhama

Malik

et al. 2016

Veterinary Quarterly

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This review converses the Zika virus which has attained global concern due to its rapid pandemic potential and impact on humans. Though Zika virus was first isolated in 1947, till the recent large-scale outbreak which occurred in Micronesia, in 2007, the virus was placed into the innocuous pathogen category. The World Health Organization on 1 February 2016 declared it as a 'Public Health Emergency of International Concern.' Of the note, American as well as Pacific Island strains/isolates is relatively closer to Asian lineage strains. The African and American strains share more than 87.5% and 95% homologies with Asian strains/isolates, respectively. Asian strains form independent clusters, except those isolated from China, suggesting relatively more diversity than African strains. Prevention and control are mainly aimed at the vector population (mosquitoes) with Aedes aegypti being the main species. Surveys in Africa and Asia indicated seropositivity in various animal species. However, so far its natural reservoir is unknown. There is an urgent need to understand why Zika virus has shifted from being a virus that caused mild illness to unforeseen birth defects as well as autoimmune-neurological problems. Unfortunately, an effective vaccine is not available yet. Availability of cryo-electron microscopy based on 3.8 A resolution revealing mature Zika virus structure and the probable virus attachment site to host cell would provide critical insights into the development of antiviral treatments and vaccines.

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Aedes aegypti Control Strategies in Brazil: Incorporation of New Technologies to Overcome the Persistence of Dengue Epidemics

Cited by 113 publications

References 77 publications

Aedes aegypti e sociedade: o impacto econômico das arboviroses no Brasil

Aedes aegypti e sociedade: o impacto econômico das arboviroses no Brasil

Zika Virus Disease: A CDC Update for Pediatric Health Care Providers

Zika virus – emergence, evolution, pathology, diagnosis, and control: current global scenario and future perspectives – a comprehensive review

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