Aedes japonicus japonicus and Associated Woodland Species Attracted to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Miniature Light Traps Baited with Carbon Dioxide and the Traptech® Mosquito Lure

Abstract

Twelve reported mosquito attractants, alone or in combination, and 3 different types of traps were evaluated under field conditions for their attractiveness to host-seeking and oviposition-seeking female Aedes japonicus japonicus and associated woodland species in Windsor, CT, in 2010 and 2011. This study highlights the effectiveness of combining CO2 with the TrapTech Mosquito Lure in a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) miniature light trap for collection of Ae. j. japonicus and associated woodland mammalian-feeding mosquitoes. The TrapTech Mosquito Lure is a proprietary blend of Bedoukian Research, Inc. It contained 250 mg of R-1-octen-3-ol and 1900 mg of ammonium bicarbonate, which were slowly released from a plastic disperser. On average, 567 Ae. j. japonicus individuals were collected per trap per night in the CDC miniature light traps baited with CO2 plus TrapTech Mosquito Lure. The numbers collected in this trap were 28 times and 100 times greater than the numbers of Ae. j. japonicus collected in the CDC miniature light trap baited only with CO2 and the gravid trap baited with hay infusion, 2 commonly used traps to assess abundance of Ae. j. japonicus. The average catches of other mammalian-biting species, Ae. cinereus, Ae. triseriatus, Ae. trivittatus, Ae. vexans, Anopheles punctipennis, An. quadrimaculatus, Coquillettidia perturbans, and Culex salinarius, were all significantly greater in the CDC miniature light trap baited with CO2 plus TrapTech Mosquito Lure than in traps with CO2 alone, but their average numbers were not as large as were those of Ae. j. japonicus. These data demonstrate that the TrapTech Mosquito Lure used in combination with CO2 in a CDC miniature light trap has potential to be a versatile and simple surveillance method for Ae. j. japonicus and other species.

Invasion Biology ofAedes japonicus japonicus(Diptera: Culicidae)

“…Recently, a modification to CDC, CO 2 -baited light traps, namely an additional octenol-based lure, has shown great promise in increasing catch rates of Ae. j. japonicus adults by as much as 100 times over normal CDC light traps (3). One of the best methods for detecting the subspecies in an area, however, is the surveillance of larval habitats.…”

Diversity and seasonal abundances of mosquitoes at potential arboviral transmission sites in two different climate zones in Switzerland

“…Mosquito adult trapping was performed using CDC New Standard Miniature Light Traps (model 1012; John W. Hock Co., Gainesville, FL, U.S.A.) run without light. Traps were baited with 1.5 kg of dry ice pellets in 2012, and in 2013 and 2014 additionally with lure (iGu ® Combi FRC 3003; Silva GmbH & Co. KG, Lübeck, Germany) containing ammonium bicarbonate and 1-octen-3-ol in order to increase trapping efficiencies for various mosquito species (Anderson et al, 2012). At each study site, four traps were placed under a tree at a height of 1.0-1.5 m along ecotones with a minimum distance of 300 m between traps, on an area of at least 0.28 km 2 .…”

Field evaluation of baited traps for surveillance of Aedes japonicus japonicus in Switzerland

“…Although the nocturnal activity observed in Ae. j. japonicus (Scott et al , ; Anderson et al , ) may explain the increase in its attraction to light noted in the present study, the cause of this preference remains unclear. Light may increase the visibility of traps across greater distances, simulate a host thermal pattern and synergistically activate the reaction to CO 2 .…”

“…In recent work, the combination in CDC traps of all the stimuli considered in the present study (CO 2 , light, octenol and ammonium bicarbonate) had a pronounced synergistic effect, yielding 28 times more Ae. j. japonicus than light traps activated with only CO 2 (Anderson et al , ). This earlier study was evidently performed at a site and during a period with exceptionally high abundances of Ae.…”

“…The desiccation‐resistant eggs of this species can be distributed in infested containers by trade to new territories, and local active expansion is assumed (Becker et al , ; Medlock et al , , ; Kampen & Werner, ). Aedes j. japonicus can rapidly become highly abundant in newly colonized territories (Schaffner et al , ; Anderson et al , ; Kampen & Werner, ) as a result of the ecological plasticity of its larvae, which develop in a wide variety of natural and artificial water containers over a large temperature range (Vinogradova, ; Kampen & Werner, ) and which are capable of outcompeting larvae of other species (Kampen & Werner, ). Aedes j. japonicus prefers forested and bushy habitats in rural, suburban and urban environments (Andreadis et al , ; Bartlett‐Healy et al , ).…”