Aerial photographs in geologic interpretation and mapping

Ray, Richard G.

doi:10.3133/pp373

Cited by 79 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The analysis of drainage networks helps to define geologically recent deformations (e.g., Zernitz, 1932;Ray, 1960;Ouchi, 1985;Goldsworthy and Jackson, 2000;Clark et al, 2004;Terrizzano et al, 2014), since stream channels are very sensitive to the type and orientation of geological structures (e.g., Seeber and Gornitz, 1983;Schumm and Geophysics Study Committee, 1986;Davison et al, 1998;Holbrook and Schumm, 1999;Valdiya and Rajagopalan, 2000;Schumm et al, 2002;Ribolini and Spagnolo, 2007;Maroukian et al, 2008;Shahzad et al, 2009). Anomalies identified along stream networks and profiles can provide clues to understanding structural control on the geomorphic configuration of any region at both regional and local scales (e.g., Zernitz, 1932;Ray, 1960;Seeber and Gornitz, 1983;Clark et al, 2004;Twidale, 2004). The southwestern part of Jordan is an interesting place for a such study because it is bordered by the active deformation of the Wadi Araba Fault (WAF), the southernmost segment of the DSFZ, and has excellent outcrops of a wide variety of Precambrian to Pleistocene rocks.…”

Section: (C) Magnification Of Black-rectangle Area In (B) (D) Vertmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and analysis of morphotectonic features utilizing satellite remote sensing and GIS: An example in SW Jordan

et al. 2016

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This study investigates the dominant orientations of morphological features and the relationship between these trends and the spatial orientation of tectonic structures in SW Jordan. Landsat 8 and hill-shaded images, constructed from 30 m-resolution ASTER-GDEM data, were used for automatically extracting and mapping geological lineaments. The ASTER-GDEM was further utilized to automatically identify and extract drainage network. Morphological features were analyzed by means of azimuth frequency and length density distributions. Tectonic controls on the land surface were evaluated using longitudinal profiles of many westerly flowing streams. The profiles were taken directly across the northerly trending faults within a strong topographic transition between the low-gradient uplands and the deeply incised mountain front on the east side of the Dead Sea Fault Zone. Streams of the area are widely divergent, and show numerous anomalies along their profiles when they transect faults and lineaments. Five types of drainage patterns were identified: dendritic, parallel, rectangular, trellis, and modified dendritic/trellis. Interpretation and analysis of the lineaments indicate the presence of four main lineament populations that trend ~E-W, ~N-S, NE-SW, and NW-SE. Azimuthal distribution analysis of both the measured structures and drainage channels shows similar trends, except for very few differences in the prevailing directions. The similarity in orientation of lineaments, drainage system, and subsurface structural trends highlights the degree of control exerted by underlying structure on the surface geomorphological features. Faults and lineaments serve as a preferential conduit for surface running waters. The extracted lineaments were divided into five populations based on the main age of host rocks outcropping in the study area to obtain information about the temporal evolution of the lineament trends through geologic time. A general consistency in lineament trends over the different lithological units was observed, most probably because repeated reactivation of tectonism along preexisting deep structural discontinuities which are apparently crustal weakness zones. The reactivation along such inherited discontinuities under the present-day stress field is the most probable explanation of the complicated pattern and style of present-day landscape features in SW Jordan.

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Section: (C) Magnification Of Black-rectangle Area In (B) (D) Vertmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and analysis of morphotectonic features utilizing satellite remote sensing and GIS: An example in SW Jordan

et al. 2016

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“…Combining high spatial resolution aerial photography with medium-to-high spatial resolution optical, thermal (temperature) and radar (textural) satellite data would be optimal, as it would allow a more complete characterization of the lava flows, although high spatial resolution data can be prohibitively expensive for resource-limited volcano observatories. For our mapping efforts, we assessed the use of aerial photographs, which have been used in the past to aid lava flow mapping (Ray 1960;Abrams et al 1996;Legeley-Pandovani et al 1997). However, historical photography has been poorly preserved for Nyamuragira.…”

Section: History Of Nyamuragira Lava Flow Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping lava flows from Nyamuragira volcano (1967–2011) with satellite data and automated classification methods

Head¹,

Maclean²,

Carn³

2013

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk

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The volume, location and extent of historical lava flows are important when assessing volcanic hazards, as well as the productivity or longevity of a volcanic system. We use a Landsat/Hyperion/ALI dataset and automated classification methods to map lava flows at Nyamuragira volcano in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The humid tropical climate of Nyamuragira is advantageous because its lava flows are emplaced onto heavily forested flanks, resulting in strong contrast between lava and vegetation, which contributes to efficient flow mapping. With increasing age, there is an increase in Landsat band-4 reflectance, suggesting lava flow revegetation with time. This results in a distinct spectral contrast to delineate overlapping flows emplaced *5 years apart. Areal extents of the flows are combined with published lava flow thicknesses to derive volumes. The Landsat/ Hyperion/ALI dataset is advantageous for mapping future flows quickly and inexpensively, particularly for volcano observatories where resources are limited.

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“…The data measured include the altitude at the gully amphitheater-shaped rim, R; the altitude at the base, B, of the rim; the maximum depth, D, of erosion near the rim calculated as the difference in altitude between R and B; and the altitude at the lowest point, or toe, T, of the gully. An attempt was made to determine past land uses in the study area by using historical aerial photographs of Fort Gordon in conjunction with methods outlined in Ray (1960) and Avery and Berlin (1985). The oldest photographs available were taken during December 1971.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomorphology and groundwater origin of amphitheater-shaped gullies at Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2010-2012

Landmeyer¹,

Wellborn²

2013

Open-File Report

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Cover. One of the seven amphitheater-shaped gullies observed at Fort Gordon caused principally by groundwater sapping. To summarize, the sandy surficial sediments and shallow water table were recharged, groundwater flowed laterally along the contact with low permeability marl (yellow-red clay in middle of photograph), and seepage occurred where this geologic contact was exposed at land surface. As seepage continued, either in response to sporadic increases in recharge or continuous, longer-term increases in recharge, sapping moved headward, induced landslides, and resulted in the amphitheatershaped gully. Photograph by James E. Landmeyer, U.S. Geological Survey. For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS. Geomorphology and Groundwater Origin ofFor an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprodTo order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29).Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum. Abbreviations BP AbstractSeven amphitheater-shaped gullies at valley heads in the northern part of Fort Gordon, Georgia, were identified by personnel from Fort Gordon and the U.S. Geological Survey during a field investigation of environmental contamination near the cantonment area between 2008 and 2010. Between 2010 and 2012, the amphitheater-shaped gullies were photographed, topographic features were surveyed using a global positioning system device, and the extent of erosion was estimated using Light Detection and Ranging imagery. The seven gullies are distributed across a broad area (and most likely are not the only examples) and have a similar geomorphology that includes (1) an amphitheater (semicircular) shaped escarpment at the upgradient end on a plateau of Upper Eocene sands of no readily discernible elevated catchment area or natural surface-water drainage; (2) a narrow, trench-shaped, flatbottomed incisement of low-permeability marl at the downgradient end; and (3) steep-sided valley walls, some formed by landslides. Surface-water runoff is an unlikely cause for the amphitheater-shaped gullies, because each valley has a relatively small drainage area of sandy terrain even at those gullies that have recently received discharge from stormwater drains. Also, presumed high rates of runoff and ...

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Aerial photographs in geologic interpretation and mapping

Cited by 79 publications

References 16 publications

Detection and analysis of morphotectonic features utilizing satellite remote sensing and GIS: An example in SW Jordan

Detection and analysis of morphotectonic features utilizing satellite remote sensing and GIS: An example in SW Jordan

Mapping lava flows from Nyamuragira volcano (1967–2011) with satellite data and automated classification methods

Geomorphology and groundwater origin of amphitheater-shaped gullies at Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2010-2012

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