2015
DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.232
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Aerobic and anaerobic nitrogen transformation processes in N2-fixing cyanobacterial aggregates

Abstract: Colonies of N 2 -fixing cyanobacteria are key players in supplying new nitrogen to the ocean, but the biological fate of this fixed nitrogen remains poorly constrained. Here, we report on aerobic and anaerobic microbial nitrogen transformation processes that co-occur within millimetre-sized cyanobacterial aggregates (Nodularia spumigena) collected in aerated surface waters in the Baltic Sea. Microelectrode profiles showed steep oxygen gradients inside the aggregates and the potential for nitrous oxide producti… Show more

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Cited by 129 publications
(177 citation statements)
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References 66 publications
(53 reference statements)
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“…Recently, several anaerobic N processes (e.g. nitrate reduction, denitrification, anammox, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium -DNRA, and N 2 O production) have been detected in suspended cyanobacterial and diatom anoxic-aggregates (traced with O 2 microsensors) incubated in oxic waters (Klawonn et al, 2015, andStief et al, 2016, respectively), supporting the idea that particles are able to operate as anoxic N-removal hotspots. Particles in this study were smaller (≤ 0.6 mm) than the cyanobacterial/algal aggregates (diameters ≥ 3 mm; Klawonn et al, 2015, andStief et al, 2016, respectively), but the static incubation may have facilitated the development of anoxic niches in our incubations by allowing the particles to settle.…”
Section: Environmental Variabilitymentioning
confidence: 82%
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“…Recently, several anaerobic N processes (e.g. nitrate reduction, denitrification, anammox, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium -DNRA, and N 2 O production) have been detected in suspended cyanobacterial and diatom anoxic-aggregates (traced with O 2 microsensors) incubated in oxic waters (Klawonn et al, 2015, andStief et al, 2016, respectively), supporting the idea that particles are able to operate as anoxic N-removal hotspots. Particles in this study were smaller (≤ 0.6 mm) than the cyanobacterial/algal aggregates (diameters ≥ 3 mm; Klawonn et al, 2015, andStief et al, 2016, respectively), but the static incubation may have facilitated the development of anoxic niches in our incubations by allowing the particles to settle.…”
Section: Environmental Variabilitymentioning
confidence: 82%
“…Activity of anoxic metabolism in these O 2 -depleted microenvironments is related to the size of the particles/aggregates and the ambient oxygen conditions due to the availability of substrate and the diffusion velocity, respectively. Larger particles in situations of low ambient O 2 levels offer more organic substrates that favour internal O 2 consumption through respiratory activity, facilitating the development of anoxia within the particles core (Ploug et al, 1997(Ploug et al, , 2008Klawonn et al, 2015). Thus, differences in particle size could explain differences in the N-loss activity observed at the oxycline between sampling periods.…”
Section: Environmental Variabilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…3). Evidence for co-occurrence of denitrification and N 2 fixation has previously only been documented for an anoxic lake (Halm et al, 2009) and for cyanobacterial aggregates in the Baltic Sea (Klawonn et al, 2015). Recent investigations from Baltic Sea sediments on N 2 fixation and diazotrophic abundance in sediments show, however, that a very close spatial link between N loss and N 2 fixation might exist (Bertics et al, 2013).…”
Section: To What Extent Is N 2 Fixation In the Etsp Omz Coupled To N mentioning
confidence: 96%
“…However, physical processes are probably not the only processes producing those very under-saturated levels. Canonical denitrification consumes N 2 O during its dissimilative reduction to N 2 , but given that this pathway occurs at suboxic-anoxic levels (Bange et al, 2010) it is precluded in oxygenated water, unless it takes place in suboxic-anoxic microsites (Klawonn et al, 2015). We cannot discard that denitrification could take place at the base of the sea ice, especially considering the fact that during freezing periods, salts and gases (O 2 , N 2 O, CH 4 ) are expelled from sea ice and the low O 2 conditions generated may induce denitrification (Loose et al, 2009;Randall et al, 2012).…”
Section: Pml and Haloclinementioning
confidence: 99%