Aerobic exercise attenuates neurodegeneration and promotes functional recovery – Why it matters for neurorehabilitation &amp; neural repair

Zhang, Dandan; Lu, Yujiao; Zhao, Xudong; Zhang, Quanguang; Li, Lei

doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104862

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…Regular exercise induces profound health benefits for the body through mechanisms involving various physiological adaptations, including neural, immunological, vascular, and metabolic systems [35,36]. Interestingly, emerging data from studies in animal models and humans indicate that aerobic exercise benefits brain function and may prevent or delay the onset of neurodegenerative conditions by inducing structural and functional changes in the hippocampus, an area of the brain important for learning and memory [37,38]. Indeed, synaptic changes, which underlie cognitive processes, are known to depend on physiological mechanisms such as LTP, which is particularly present in the hippocampus [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal Adaptations to Continuous Aerobic Training: A Functional and Ultrastructural Evaluation in a Young Murine Model

Cariati

Bonanni

Pallone

et al. 2021

JFMK

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Aerobic training is known to influence cognitive processes, such as memory and learning, both in animal models and in humans. Particularly, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that aerobic exercise can increase neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, improve hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), and reduce age-related decline in mnemonic function. However, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Based on this evidence, the aim of our study was to verify whether the application of two aerobic training protocols, different in terms of speed and speed variation, could modulate synaptic plasticity in a young murine model. Therefore, we assessed the presence of any functional changes by extracellular recordings in vitro in mouse hippocampal slices and structural alterations by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our results showed that an aerobic training protocol, well designed in terms of speed and speed variation, significantly contributes to improving synaptic plasticity and hippocampal ultrastructure, optimizing its benefits in the brain. Future studies will aim to clarify the underlying biological mechanisms involved in the modulation of synaptic plasticity induced by aerobic training.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal Adaptations to Continuous Aerobic Training: A Functional and Ultrastructural Evaluation in a Young Murine Model

Cariati

Bonanni

Pallone

et al. 2021

JFMK

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“…Conversely, poor cerebrovascular function may alter blood-brain barrier trafficking of Aβ, slowing the clearance of Aβ and promoting its accumulation in the brain (Zlokovic et al, 2005). The later may be supported by evidence that habitual aerobic exercise appears to have no effect on Aβ deposition in older adults (Vidoni et al, 2021), yet can improve cerebrovascular health (Thomas et al, 2013;Whitaker et al, 2020) and slow or, in some cases, reverse the development of cognitive impairment in older adults (Zhang et al, 2020). These observations may explain the neuroprotective effect of aerobic exercise against AD and related dementias (Tarumi and Zhang, 2018).…”

Section: Cerebrovascular Response (Cvr) To Exercise Is Linked To Amyloid Beta (Aβ) Deposition In the Absence Of Clinical Cognitive Dysfunmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cerebrovascular response to exercise interacts with individual genotype and amyloid-beta deposition to influence response inhibition with aging

Palmer

Kaufman

Vidoni

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The etiology of cognitive dysfunction associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia is multifactorial. Yet, mechanistic interactions among key neurobiological factors linked to AD pathology are unclear. This study tested the effect of interactions between cerebrovascular function, individual genotype, and structural brain pathology on response inhibition performance, an early and sensitive indicator of cognitive executive dysfunction with aging.We quantified cerebrovascular response (CVR) to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise using transcranial doppler ultrasound and global amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition using positron emission tomography in a group of cognitively normal older adults genotyped as APOE4 carriers and noncarriers. We quantified response inhibition during a cognitive Stroop test.Individuals with blunted CVR possessed greater Aβ deposition. There was CVR-by-carrier status-by-Aβ interaction on response inhibition. Blunted CVR was associated with impaired response inhibition specifically in carriers. Despite having greater Aβ deposition, carriers with higher CVR demonstrated better response inhibition.Cerebrovascular interactions with individual genotype and structural brain pathology may provide a physiologically-informed target for precision-medicine approaches for early treatment and prevention of cognitive dysfunction with aging.HighlightsNeurobiological interactions between CVR, APOE genotype, and Aβ are behaviorally significant.Blunted CVR to exercise is associated with impaired response inhibition specifically in APOE4 carriers.APOE4 carriers with more robust CVR have higher response inhibition performance, despite having greater Aβ deposition.Assessment of multifactorial neurobiological variables offers an early and sensitive biomarker of cognitive behavioral dysfunction with aging.

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“…All such procedures should promote neuronal survival and neuroplasticity. There is accumulating evidence that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity has many benefits to brain health and cognitive function [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Physical activity decreases the risk of dementia (AD and PD); may be useful in mood abnormalities as depression; can diminish stress and anxiety; and has a positive effect on memory, attention, learning, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is also evidence that exercise modulates multiple systems that are known to regulate neuroinflammation and glial activation [6]. Activated microglia and proinflammatory cytokines play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and PD [6,13,35]. There is a body of evidence that exercise is felt by the brain, suggesting that there is feedback between muscle and brain function [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and Physical Intervention in Metals’ Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration

2022

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Metals—especially iron, copper and manganese—are important elements of brain functions and development. Metal-dysregulation homeostasis is associated with brain-structure damage to the motor, cognitive and emotional systems, and leads to neurodegenerative processes. There is more and more evidence that specialized cognitive and motor exercises can enhance brain function and attenuate neurodegeneration in mechanisms, such as improving neuroplasticity by altering the synaptic structure and function in many brain regions. Psychological and physical methods of rehabilitation are now becoming increasingly important, as pharmacological treatments for movement, cognitive and emotional symptoms are limited. The present study describes physical and cognitive rehabilitation methods of patients associated with metal-induced neurotoxicity such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease and Wilson’s disease. In our review, we describe physical (e.g., virtual-reality environments, robotic-assists training) and psychological (cognitive training, cognitive stimulation, neuropsychological rehabilitation and cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness-based therapies) methods, significantly improving the quality of life and independence of patients associated with storage diseases. Storage diseases are a diverse group of hereditary metabolic defects characterized by the abnormal cumulation of storage material in cells. This topic is being addressed due to the fact that rehabilitation plays a vital role in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Unfortunately so far there are no specific guidelines concerning physiotherapy in neurodegenerative disorders, especially in regards to duration of exercise, type of exercise and intensity, as well as frequency of exercise. This is in part due to the variety of symptoms of these diseases and the various levels of disease progression. This further proves the need for more research to be carried out on the role of exercise in neurodegenerative disorder treatment.

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Aerobic exercise attenuates neurodegeneration and promotes functional recovery – Why it matters for neurorehabilitation & neural repair

Cited by 14 publications

References 164 publications

Hippocampal Adaptations to Continuous Aerobic Training: A Functional and Ultrastructural Evaluation in a Young Murine Model

Hippocampal Adaptations to Continuous Aerobic Training: A Functional and Ultrastructural Evaluation in a Young Murine Model

Cerebrovascular response to exercise interacts with individual genotype and amyloid-beta deposition to influence response inhibition with aging

Cognitive and Physical Intervention in Metals’ Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration

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