Aerobic exercise training and improved neuropsychological function of older individuals

Dustman, Robert E.; Ruhling, Robert O.; Russell, Ewan M.; Shearer, Donald E.; Bonekat, H. William; Shigeoka, John W.; Wood, James S.; Bradford, David C.

doi:10.1016/0197-4580(84)90083-6

Cited by 484 publications

(297 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Inclusion of a true control group could have provided additional information that would be useful in further interpreting our findings. Two studies found no psychological changes after exercise participation by nondepressed older persons [56,57]. These studies suggest that members of our nonfaller control group who had no change in their psychosocial variables from pretest to posttest were not likely to have benefited psychosocially had they participated in the exercise intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Psychosocial effects of an exercise program in older persons who fall

Means¹,

O’Sullivan²,

Rodell³

2003

JRRD

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Abstract-Falling is associated with psychosocial sequelae that may influence functional performance and fall risk. Exercise can improve psychosocial factors. To address the research questions (1) Do psychosocial variables differ among persons with and without falls? and (2) Among persons who fall, can exercise improve psychosocial variables? we evaluated psychosocial and functional performance variables in older persons with and without recent falls. A pretest and posttest design with a nonequivalent control group was used. Community-residing elderly individuals participated, 66 had falls in the past year (fallers) and 77 had no falls (nonfallers). Participants completed measures of self-esteem, depression, psychological impact, and functional performance at baseline and 6 weeks. Baseline descriptive characteristics for fallers and nonfallers were similar. Fallers then completed a 6-week exercise program. Exercise benefited fallers' self-esteem, depression, mobility, social role, social activity, and anxiety. Nearly 40% of fallers were clinically depressed before exercise and 24% were depressed after (p = 0.04). Psychosocial variables correlated significantly with quality of functional performance (p < 0.019). Among fallers, moderate exercise produced a significant improvement in psychosocial variables and functional performance (p < 0.045).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Psychosocial effects of an exercise program in older persons who fall

Means¹,

O’Sullivan²,

Rodell³

2003

JRRD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…41,[51][52][53] Most of these RCTs were based on small samples of young-old participants, and were short-term trials, none of which were designed to assess incidence of AD or dementia as the main outcome. These RCTs concluded that compared with controls, individuals assigned to a physical exercise program improved 48,[51][52][53][54][55][56] or maintained 57 their cognitive function. In a young-old population, Molloy and colleagues 58 also suggested that the acute effects of an exercise program on neuropsychological function were not longlasting.…”

Section: Physical Activity and The Prevention Of Dementia Ad Or Cogmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…53,68 Aerobic exercise intervention enhances executive function, although other cognitive functions seem to be insensitive to physical exercise (aerobic exercise affected cognitive and neural plasticity in a cross-sectional study). 51 The specificity that aerobic exercise has on executive function suggests some specificity for aerobic exercise on brain function that requires further research. 68 Research on neuroimaging suggests that prefrontal and parietal circuits in the brain, the regions of the brain that are most involved in executive control, retain more plasticity.…”

Section: Physical Activity and The Prevention Of Dementia Ad Or Cogmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy Brain Aging: Role of Exercise and Physical Activity

Rolland¹,

Kan²,

Vellas³

2010

Clinics in Geriatric Medicine

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“…There is basic research evidence that environmental enrichment in the form of voluntary wheel running is associated with enhanced neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus [40]. It has also been shown that physical activity sustains cerebral blood flow [41], may improve aerobic capacity and cerebral nutrient supply [42,43], may enhance cortical high-affinity choline uptake and dopamine receptor density [44], may stimulate trophic factors and neuronal growth [45], and can upregulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene expression [46,47]. Therefore, although it is conceivable that physical activity may merely be a nonspecific marker of good health indirectly related to dementia (or even not related to dementia at all), it is also possible that it has a direct physiologic association with brain disease.…”

Section: Physical Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive reserve: Implications for diagnosis and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease

Scarmeas

Stern

2004

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

210

132

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Epidemiologic evidence suggests that higher occupational attainment and education, as well as increased participation in intellectual, social, and physical aspects of daily life, are associated with slower cognitive decline in healthy elderly and may reduce the risk of incident Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is also evidence from structural and functional imaging studies that patients with such life experiences can tolerate more AD pathology before showing signs of clinical dementia. It has been hypothesized that such aspects of life experience may result in functionally more efficient cognitive networks and, therefore, provide a cognitive reserve that delays the onset of clinical manifestations of dementia. In this article, we review some of the relevant literature of the noted associations between markers of cognitive reserve and AD and discuss the possible mechanisms that may explain these associations.

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Aerobic exercise training and improved neuropsychological function of older individuals

Cited by 484 publications

References 42 publications

Psychosocial effects of an exercise program in older persons who fall

Psychosocial effects of an exercise program in older persons who fall

Healthy Brain Aging: Role of Exercise and Physical Activity

Cognitive reserve: Implications for diagnosis and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease

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