Aerobic exercise training improves the role of high‐density lipoprotein antioxidant and reduces plasma lipid peroxidation in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

In this study, we analyzed the effect of aerobic exercise training (AET) and of a single bout of exercise on plasma oxidative stress and on antioxidant defenses in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and in healthy control subjects (C). DM and C did not differ regarding triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), insulin, and HOMA index at baseline and after AET. To measure the lag time for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation (LAG) and the maximal rate of conjugated diene formation (MCD), participants' plasma HDL(2) and HDL(3) were incubated with LDL from pooled healthy donors' plasma. In the presence of HDL(3), both LAG and MCD were similar in C and DM, but only in DM did AET improve LAG and reduce MCD. In the presence of HDL(2), the lower baseline LAG in DM equaled C after AET. MCD was unchanged in DM after AET, but was lower than C only after AET. Furthermore, after AET plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were reduced only in DM subjects. Despite not modifying the total plasma antioxidant status and serum paraoxonase-1 activity in both groups, AET lowered the plasma lipid peroxides, corrected the HDL(2), and improved the HDL(3) antioxidant efficiency in DM independent of the changes in blood glucose, insulin, and plasma HDL concentration and composition.

The Effect of Exercise Training Type on Paraoxonase-1 and Lipid Profile in Rats

“…Furthermore, intense aerobic exercise training corresponds to 60% to 85% maximum heart rate (2,3,5), resulting in increased PON1 activity, while no significant changes occur in LDL, HDL, and TG levels. In contrast, other researchers have reported that vigorous and moderate aerobic exercise trainings have no significant effects on PON1 activity and lipid profile levels (9)(10)(11). Also, no significant change in PON1 activity and lipid profile has been reported following resistance exercise trainings (2).…”

Effects of Anaerobic Training on Paraoxonase-1 Enzyme (PON1) Activities of High Density Lipoprotein Subgroups and Its Relationship with PON1-Q192R Phenotype

“…Therefore, the relationships found in the present study may reflect developments in PON1 activities. Some studies showed that there were changes in PON1 activity or antioxidant capacity of HDLs in the absence of changes in BLLP levels and antioxidant capacity 56,57) . These study results support our proposition that exercise can change PON1 release and its activity by internal developments in organisms without any quantitative changes in other factors, such as physical composition, performance, and BLLP levels in welltrained athletes Post-T.…”

Improvement in Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes After Twenty-Four Sessions of Aerobic Exercise: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…c P found by the repeated measures ANOVA test (inter group). (29). Although aerobic exercise did not alter the amount of HDL in the aerobic group, the lack of exercise in the control group showed significantly decreased HDL.…”