Aerobic growth and toxigenicity ofClostridium botulinum types A and B

Dezfulian, M

doi:10.1007/bf02816236

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It has been shown that subcutaneous injection of approx. 25 and 10 spores of type A produced fatal illness in guinea pigs and mice, respectively (Dezfulian & Bartlett, 1985). In at least three cases reported here, there were no obvious abscesses.…”

Section: Botulinum Toxin Types Causing Human Diseasementioning

confidence: 53%

Wound botulism in the UK and Ireland

Brett¹,

Hallas²,

Mpamugo³

2004

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Section: Botulinum Toxin Types Causing Human Diseasementioning

confidence: 53%

Wound botulism in the UK and Ireland

Brett¹,

Hallas²,

Mpamugo³

2004

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Direct spore counts or the quantification of toxicity were considered as being unnecessary. Under favourable conditions, the exponential growth will change absolute numbers within a short time [10 3 -10 6 colony-forming units (CFU) within 1-2 days; Dezfulian, 1999] and may present a sudden health hazard (Smith and Sugyiama, 1988;Popoff and Argente, 1996). The risk characterization (Haas et al, 1999) of the bio-compost analysed in the present study was carried out according to the following scheme.…”

Section: Interpretation Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here again clostridial growth and toxin production may be further enhanced or hindered. Toxinogenesis may be possible even under completely aerobic conditions in a mixed bacterial population (Dezfulian, 1999). Laboratory diagnosis of the presence of C. botulinum as vegetative or spore forms, and/or of the toxin is normally performed by using a bio-assay in mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridium botulinum and Bio‐compost. A Contribution to the Analysis of Potential Health Hazards Caused by Bio‐waste Recycling

Böhnel

Lube

2000

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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Bio-waste recycling and the production and use of bio-compost are politically encouraged in Europe. Quality control takes no consideration of pathogenic anaerobic spore formers, e.g. Clostridium botulinum. A protocol for health hazard analysis concerning this pathogen has been developed. Samples of marketed bio-compost were tested and results showed that about 50 % of the tested samples contained C. botulinum. For the first time it has been shown that the use of bio-compost represents a health hazard to humans and animals, especially in the future when spores will have accumulated in the environment. The use of household bio-waste collected in 'bio-bins' is apparently one factor involved in the production of contaminated compost end-products. Environmental factors in the propagation of C. botulinum are discussed. The improvement of bio-waste recycling technology and management should be encouraged in order to minimize the health hazard caused by contaminated bio-compost.

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“…Clostridia are frequently described as obligatory anaerobic organisms, although many species can exhibit varying degrees of aerotolerance (Hill & Osterhout, 1972;Tally et al, 1975;Brioukhanov & Netrusov, 2007). Pathogenic species including C. botulinum, C. perfringens, C. septicum and C. tetani can survive in temporarily microoxic environments in a growth-arrested stage (Hill & Osterhout, 1972;Dezfulian, 1999;Briolat & Reysset, 2002;Brüggemann et al, 2004). Both C. septicum and Pr.…”

Section: Oxygen Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the abundance, behaviour and detection of clostridial pathogens in agricultural soils

Palmer

Hough

West

et al. 2019

European J Soil Science

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The soil is a reservoir for various clostridial pathogens, with agricultural soils representing a major source of contamination for overlying crops and grazing livestock. Understanding the prevalence and behaviour of pathogens in these soils is fundamental to ascertaining and mitigating the risk of disease from agroecosystems. This article reviews research pertaining to the overall distribution and abundance of clostridial pathogens in the soil while identifying possible environmental and soil factors influencing their behaviour. Large‐scale soil screens have identified pathogens across the globe, although some Clostridium botulinum toxinotypes are more prevalent in certain geographic regions. Faecal inputs and organic waste amendments to the soil can elevate the levels of enteric clostridial pathogens in the soil and the subsequent disease risk, as highlighted by case–control studies. The ability of Clostridia to sporulate results in their long‐term persistence post‐introduction, increasing the time period for disease transmission. Regularly or permanently saturated soils may also enhance survival, or potentially facilitate the regrowth of some indigenous or introduced Clostridia. This is supported by the high prevalence of Clostridia in paddy soils, greater detection of pathogens in flooded soils, and the higher onset of some clostridial diseases in regions with poorly drained soils. Future research should elucidate soil types and environmental conditions which can enhance pathogen survival/regrowth. The adoption of molecular and sequencing technologies for future diagnostics can facilitate more sensitive detection and a higher resolution of pathogen typing, allowing a better understanding of pathogen population dynamics in farm soils and disease epidemiology. Highlights Understanding the behaviour of soil‐borne clostridial pathogens is key for disease management. Soil, environmental and management factors affecting pathogen survival/introduction are discussed. Soil waterlogging and application of organic soil amendments may increase the number of soil pathogens. More pathogen surveillance and standardisation of diagnostics to better understand behaviour is needed.

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Aerobic growth and toxigenicity ofClostridium botulinum types A and B

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Wound botulism in the UK and Ireland

Wound botulism in the UK and Ireland

Clostridium botulinum and Bio‐compost. A Contribution to the Analysis of Potential Health Hazards Caused by Bio‐waste Recycling

A review of the abundance, behaviour and detection of clostridial pathogens in agricultural soils

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