Aerodynamic Investigation of a Morphing Wing for Micro Air Vehicle by Means of PIV

Bardera, Rafael; Rodríguez-Sevillano, Ángel Antonio; García-Magariño, Adelaida

doi:10.3390/fluids5040191

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Song et al (2008) showed that for a rectangular latex wing membrane of 1.4 AR, camber resulted in a significant enhancement in lift at low AoA compared to rigid wings and exhibited a soft stall at AoA of over 40° 19 (and see 36 ). Similar benefits at low and especially high AoA regime have also been reported in studies of cambered Zimmerman airfoils 22 , 34 and cambered rectangular plates at comparable Re 35 , 37 . Altogether, these inferences supported our hypothesis of higher airfoil camber leading to increased C L and C D during the glide.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Camber was significantly and positively correlated with C L and C D . Bardera et al (2020) showed higher flow velocities on the upper surface of cambered Zimmerman airfoils resulted in a region of low pressure and a mechanism for enhanced lift production 34 . Camber benefits potentially continued at high AoA with the drag polar curve showing soft stall characteristics past AoA of 55°.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined effects of body posture and three-dimensional wing shape enable efficient gliding in flying lizards

Khandelwal

Hedrick

2022

Sci Rep

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Gliding animals change their body shape and posture while producing and modulating aerodynamic forces during flight. However, the combined effect of these different factors on aerodynamic force production, and ultimately the animal’s gliding ability, remains uncertain. Here, we quantified the time-varying morphology and aerodynamics of complete, voluntary glides performed by a population of wild gliding lizards (Draco dussumieri) in a seven-camera motion capture arena constructed in their natural environment. Our findings, in conjunction with previous airfoil models, highlight how three-dimensional (3D) wing shape including camber, planform, and aspect ratio enables gliding flight and effective aerodynamic performance by the lizard up to and over an angle of attack (AoA) of 55° without catastrophic loss of lift. Furthermore, the lizards maintained a near maximal lift-to-drag ratio throughout their mid-glide by changing body pitch to control AoA, while simultaneously modulating airfoil camber to alter the magnitude of aerodynamic forces. This strategy allows an optimal aerodynamic configuration for horizontal transport while ensuring adaptability to real-world flight conditions and behavioral requirements. Overall, we empirically show that the aerodynamics of biological airfoils coupled with the animal’s ability to control posture and their 3D wing shape enable efficient gliding and adaptive flight control in the natural habitat.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined effects of body posture and three-dimensional wing shape enable efficient gliding in flying lizards

Khandelwal

Hedrick

2022

Sci Rep

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“…It is noteworthy that the recording mode time is limited to 0.5 seconds, and despite the short recording period, this is not a limiting factor for image processing using the PIV technique, since it obtains a video with approximately 560 frames. Several studies [13][14][15][16][17] used up to 500 frames to process the PIV technique.…”

Section: Image Acquisition Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the guidelines on best practices for applying PIV/SPIV in towing tanks and cavitation tunnels [9], the nominal spatial resolution value would be between 5 and 20 pixels/mm², and consequently the pixel length between 223 µm to 447 µm. However, another studies [16][17][18][19][20] considered applying the PIV technique in a wind tunnel with different FOV, so that the pixel length varies between 5 µm and 200 µm.…”

Section: Image Acquisition Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Particle Image Velocimetry Apparatus with Known Displacement of Synthetic Particles

Girardi,

Júnior,

Fonseca

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The study of velocimetry is important for characterizing and comprehending the effects of fluid flow, and the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique is one of the primary approaches for understanding the velocity vector field in a test section. Commercial PIV systems are expensive, with one of the main cost factors being high-speed camera equipment capable of capturing images at high frames per second (fps), rendering them impractical for many applications. This study proposes an evaluation of utilizing smartphones as image acquisition systems for PIV technique application. An experimental setup inspired by the known angular displacement of synthetic particles is proposed. A stepper motor rotates a plate containing an image of synthetic particles on its surface. The motion of the plate is captured by the smartphone camera, and the images are processed using PIVlab-MatLab® software. The use of two smartphones is assessed, with acquisition rates of either 240 fps or 960 fps and varying angular velocities. The results were satisfactory for velocities up to 0.7 m/s at an acquisition rate of 240 fps and up to 1.8 m/s at 960 fps, validating the use of smartphones as a cost-effective alternative for the PIV technique.

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“…In the building sector, a boundary layer wind tunnel is commonly used to simulate the flow around tall buildings and to study the wind load effect of façade, the arrangement of buildings, and their responses [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Nevertheless, the study of micro air vehicles [17], airfoils [18][19], and automobiles can also be performed in a wind tunnel [20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open-Loop Subsonic Suction Type Wind Tunnel: Design, Simulation, Build and Test

Wong

Lai

et al. 2023

ARFMTS

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The technological advancement in drones, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), wind turbines, and airfoil research has grown rapidly since last decade. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is commonly used to study the airflow around a body. Yet, the wind tunnel is an essential instrument in aerodynamic research; however, a commercial wind tunnel normally comes with a small test section and incurs high investment costs. This paper presents the development of a low-cost subsonic open-loop wind tunnel for research and education purposes. The suction-type wind tunnel is intentionally designed with a large test section of 1 m2 and in modular form where each section can be rectified according to the application and for different wind tunnel parameter studies. The detailed design steps, fabrication method, and build of the tunnel are described, along with the flow analysis that has been conducted. Furthermore, a 3D CFD simulation has been performed to simulate the flow condition of the wind tunnel where a good agreement between the simulation and flow measurement is observed. The potential root cause for discrepancy and comparisons with other wind tunnels are discussed. From the preliminary test, wind flow velocity and the turbulence intensity (TI) obtained from the flow measurement are 5.16 m/s and 3.14 % respectively. The TI is less than < 5%, which is considered a medium turbulence case that is good to study the flow around small-scale specimens like micro wind turbines and UAVs.

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Aerodynamic Investigation of a Morphing Wing for Micro Air Vehicle by Means of PIV

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Combined effects of body posture and three-dimensional wing shape enable efficient gliding in flying lizards

Combined effects of body posture and three-dimensional wing shape enable efficient gliding in flying lizards

Experimental Particle Image Velocimetry Apparatus with Known Displacement of Synthetic Particles

Open-Loop Subsonic Suction Type Wind Tunnel: Design, Simulation, Build and Test

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