Aerodynamics of wind pollination in a zoophilous flower, <i>Brassica napus</i>

Cresswell, James; Davies, Thomas W.; Michael, Patrick; Russell, Francis; Pennel, Christophe; Vicot, M.; Lahoubi, M.

doi:10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00917.x

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Cones were placed individually in a small wind tunnel and exposed to airborne pollen of their own species. The wind tunnel had a cross-section of 60 ϫ 60 mm over a run of 185 mm, with an aerodynamically shaped contraction beginning with an initial cross-section of 250 ϫ 250 mm (22). Pollen was loaded into a narrow nozzle formed from a trimmed 200-l pipette tip (Life Sciences International, Basingstoke, U.K.) and then injected into the contraction of the wind tunnel using a syringe.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conifer ovulate cones accumulate pollen principally by simple impaction

Cresswell¹,

Henning²,

Pennel³

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In many pine species (Family Pinaceae), ovulate cones structurally resemble a turbine, which has been widely interpreted as an adaptation for improving pollination by producing complex aerodynamic effects. We tested the turbine interpretation by quantifying patterns of pollen accumulation on ovulate cones in a wind tunnel and by using simulation models based on computational fluid dynamics. We used computer-aided design and computed tomography to create computational fluid dynamics model cones. We studied three species: Pinus radiata, Pinus sylvestris, and Cedrus libani. Irrespective of the approach or species studied, we found no evidence that turbine-like aerodynamics made a significant contribution to pollen accumulation, which instead occurred primarily by simple impaction. Consequently, we suggest alternative adaptive interpretations for the structure of ovulate cones.aerodynamics ͉ computational fluid dynamics ͉ computed tomography ͉ wind pollination

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conifer ovulate cones accumulate pollen principally by simple impaction

Cresswell¹,

Henning²,

Pennel³

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Rapeseed is self-compatible, with a mixed mating system, of which autogamy accounts for 60-80%, with cross-pollination mediated by insects [33,34] and wind [35,36] of only secondary importance, i.e., 20-40%.…”

Section: Rapeseed (B Napus L) Pollinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Significance of Pollination Services for Biodiesel Feedstocks, with Special Reference to Jatropha curcas L.: A Review

Vaknin

2011

Bioenerg. Res.

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The importance of pollination services for insectpollinated crops in general, and for the major biodiesel crops, such as Jatropha curcas L., in particular, is reviewed. The dependence of the major biodiesel feedstocks on pollinators ranges from almost zero to low dependence in soybean, through low to medium dependence in rapeseed, and up to high dependence in the African oil palm and in J. curcas. Currently, the basic requirement of J. curcas for pollination services is largely neglected. In light of the enormous scale of existing and future plantations of J. curcas, and of the effective pollination by native pollinators in most commercial crops, it is clear that the local insect fauna of any given habitat, on any continent, will not be able to satisfy the pollination requirements of any plantation, once it becomes established and starts blooming. It is suggested that the best way to address the pending catastrophe of severely reduced yields in J. curcas plantations that would result from reduced reproductive success would be to use honeybees as the prime pollinators, regardless of the pollination services provided by the local insect fauna. Basic research on the contribution of honeybees to the reproductive success of J. curcas should be carried out and used as a guideline for planning future provision of proper honeybee pollination services in any given plantation, characterized by its specific size, age, planting density, soil type, irrigation, fertilization, and climatic conditions.

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“…it can be successfully pollinated by both insects and wind (e.g. Cresswell et al, 2004;Mesquida & Renard, 1982). Plants release large amounts of pollen into the air (McCartney & Lacey, 1991;Timmons, O'Brien, Charters, Dubbels, & Wilkinson, 1995); however transport of airborne pollen is limited due to pollen characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plants release large amounts of pollen into the air (McCartney & Lacey, 1991;Timmons, O'Brien, Charters, Dubbels, & Wilkinson, 1995); however transport of airborne pollen is limited due to pollen characteristics. Oilseed rape pollen grains are roughly spherical, relatively large (32-35 µm), heavy and sticky and tend to cohere in clumps (Cresswell et al, 2004;Treu & Emberlin, 2000). Accordingly, airborne pollen concentrations decrease rapidly with increasing distance from the emitter, with the majority of pollen travelling less than 20 m (Bilsborrow, Evans, Bowman, & Bland, 1998;Lavigne et al, 1998;Funk, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence in Oilseed Rape: Effect of Donor Variety Type and Discarding Field Edges

Langhof¹,

Rühl²

2017

JAS

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Oilseed rape is one of the most important sources of vegetable oil worldwide. Approximately 24% of the world's total cultivation area in 2015 was planted with genetically modified (GM) varieties. Until now the cultivation of GM oilseed rape in the EU is not approved since coexistence of GM and non-GM oilseed rape is a matter of significant public concern. One reason is the differing information about pollen-mediated gene flow in this crop species. Therefore, in a 3-year field trial we investigated gene flow using a GM-free marker system consisting of a high erucic acid oilseed rape (HEAR) variety as pollen donor and a low erucic acid oilseed rape (LEAR) variety as pollen recipient. Donor and receptor fields were equally-sized (75 by 100 m or 0.75 ha) and separated by an isolation distance of 20 m clover-grass. Two different HEAR varieties, a hybrid variety and a line variety, were compared as pollen donor. Generally, outcrossing rates at 1 m field depth were significantly highest. A significant decrease in outcrossing was observed in the first donor-facing 20 m of recipient fields, with no further significant decrease in field depths > 20 m. Outcrossing rates of the total field harvest never exceeded 0.25%. Due to irregular patterns of outcrossing, a separated harvest of the receptor field edge facing the donor plot only marginally reduced the GM content in the total harvest.

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Aerodynamics of wind pollination in a zoophilous flower, Brassica napus

Cited by 32 publications

References 29 publications

Conifer ovulate cones accumulate pollen principally by simple impaction

Conifer ovulate cones accumulate pollen principally by simple impaction

The Significance of Pollination Services for Biodiesel Feedstocks, with Special Reference to Jatropha curcas L.: A Review

Coexistence in Oilseed Rape: Effect of Donor Variety Type and Discarding Field Edges

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