Aeronautical communication transition from analog to digital data: A network security survey

Mahmoud, Mohamed Slim Ben; Pirovano, Alain; Larrieu, Nicolas

doi:10.1016/j.cosrev.2014.02.001

Cited by 35 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…One comment noted that German regulations for controllers state that they should not consider outages or wrong labels as a possibility in their work but always rely on the systems (the implication being that otherwise the workload could not be handled), illustrating technology's importance. ADS-B / TIS-B / FIS-B [6], [8], [10], [13], [51], [87] -X [50], [83], [84], [88]- [93] [50]- [52], [56], [58], [86], [ ACARS [10], [13], [62], [115], [116] X X [24], [62], [63], [116 VOR / NDB / DME [27], [80], [81] -X - [27], [80], [81]…”

Section: Assessment Of Concrete Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Perception and Reality in Wireless Air Traffic Communication Security

Strohmeier

Schäfer

Pinheiro

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst.

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More than a dozen wireless technologies are used by air traffic communication systems during different flight phases. From a conceptual perspective, all of them are insecure as security was never part of their design. Recent contributions from academic and hacking communities have exploited this inherent vulnerability to demonstrate attacks on some of these technologies. However, not all of these contributions have resonated widely within aviation circles. At the same time, the security community lacks certain aviation domain knowledge, preventing aviation authorities from giving credence to their findings.In this survey, we aim to reconcile the view of the security community and the perspective of aviation professionals concerning the safety of air traffic communication technologies. To achieve this, we first provide a systematization of the applications of wireless technologies upon which civil aviation relies. Based on these applications, we comprehensively analyze vulnerabilities and existing attacks. We further survey the existing research on countermeasures and categorize it into approaches that are applicable in the short term and research of secure new technologies deployable in the long term.Since not all of the required aviation knowledge is codified in academic publications, we additionally examine existing aviation standards and survey 242 international aviation experts. Besides their domain knowledge, we also analyze the awareness of members of the aviation community concerning the security of wireless systems and collect their expert opinions on the potential impact of concrete attack scenarios using these technologies.

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Section: Assessment Of Concrete Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Perception and Reality in Wireless Air Traffic Communication Security

Strohmeier

Schäfer

Pinheiro

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst.

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“…Thus, legacy systems in air traffic management (ATM) are likely to reach their capacity limits and the need for new aeronautical communication technologies becomes apparent [1,2,3]. Especially problematic is the saturation of VHF band in high density areas in Europe, the US, and Asia [4,5] calling for suitable new digital approaches such as AeroMACS for airport communications, SatCOM for remote domains, and LDACS as long-range terrestrial aeronautical communications system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Successful Realization of the LDACS Cybersecurity Architecture: An Updated Datalink Security Threat- And Risk Analysis

Mäurer

Schmitt

2019

2019 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)

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Currently Communication Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) in civil aviation are undergoing huge changes in the framework of the European SESAR and the US NextGEN research initiatives. One goal is to develop the Future Communication Infrastructure (FCI) for civil aviation, consisting of AeroMACs for airport communications, SatCOM for remote domains, and LDACS for long-range wireless digital communications. The trend towards digitalization is supposed to solve the problems of capacity shortage, frequency saturation and automated data processing. Due to the digitalization process in communication itself and especially in critical infrastructure a strong request for cybersecurity support was raised. Therefore, a threat-andrisk analysis for LDACS was performed resulting in a first cybersecurity architecture specification draft. This paper goes one step further, presenting a suitable set of algorithms and protocols for security support for LDACS. The set is evaluated performance and security wise to match the cybersecurity architecture specification identified in earlier work.

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“…To provide long term, scalable growth of air transportation and to enable new air traffic management services and technologies in the future, the introduction of computerized air traffic management applications and digital data communications is required [5], [6]. Hence, analogue systems have to be augmented by digital means as large parts of aeronautical communications of tomorrow will be running on IP-based networks [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to support the transition from analogue to digital systems in air traffic management, two projects were initiated: Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) [8] in Europe and Next Generation National Airspace System (NextGen) [9] in the United States. Within these projects, new broadband digital data link technologies for air traffic management are developed, standardized and will be part of an IP-based aeronautical telecommunications network, called the Future Communications Infrastructure (FCI) [7]. For airport communications a new short-range terrestrial system was developed, called AeroMACS [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the paradigm shift from analogue to digital wireless communications and the related trend towards an increased autonomous data processing, LDACS requires a thorough cybersecurity analysis and a proposal on how to properly protect the system against threats from the IT sector, as security and safety are strongly intertwined in aviation [7], [39]. A comprehensive and well-designed cybersecurity architecture for LDACS is therefore key to its final deployment and success.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Cybersecurity Architecture for the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS)

Mäurer

Bilzhause

2018

2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)

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With air transportation growing and current civil aeronautical communication systems reaching their capacity limit in high density areas, the need for new aeronautical communication technologies becomes apparent. The biggest challenge in recent years is the transition from analogue voice to digital data communication and the related trend towards an increased autonomous data processing. A promising candidate for the digital future communication infrastructure in continental areas is the terrestrial long-range L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS), which is currently in the process of being standardized by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). As safety and security are strongly intertwined in civil aviation, every installation of LDACS requires protection against cyber-attacks. This paper introduces a cybersecurity architecture for LDACS and proposes suitable security algorithm, which can achieve the security objectives on top of the architecture. Therefore we integrate new security functions within the existing protocol stack of LDACS. We provide an architecture for user data encryption, data integrity, authenticated key agreement, entity authentication, broadcast channel protection, and key and access management.

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Aeronautical communication transition from analog to digital data: A network security survey

Cited by 35 publications

References 54 publications

On Perception and Reality in Wireless Air Traffic Communication Security

On Perception and Reality in Wireless Air Traffic Communication Security

Towards Successful Realization of the LDACS Cybersecurity Architecture: An Updated Datalink Security Threat- And Risk Analysis

A Cybersecurity Architecture for the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS)

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