Aerosol Detection and Transmission of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV): What Is the Evidence, and What Are the Knowledge Gaps?

Arruda, Andréia G.; Tousignant, Steve; Sanhueza, Juan; Vilalta, Carles; Poljak, Zvonimir; Torremorell, Montserrat; Alonso, Carmen; Corzo, Cesar

doi:10.3390/v11080712

Cited by 55 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Airborne spread has been suggested as a potential route (Dee, Otake, Oliveira, & Deen, 2009;Otake, Dee, Corzo, Oliveira, & Deen, 2010). However, Arruda et al (2018), Arruda et al (2019) did not reach that same conclusion. Pig farm density as expected arises as a risk factor in several studies and in our study, our phylodynamic findings agree with a regional spread as an important factor for PRRSV dissemination among pig farms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus dissemination across pig production systems in the United States

Jara

Rasmussen

Corzo

et al. 2020

Transbounding Emerging Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus dissemination across pig production systems in the United States

Jara

Rasmussen

Corzo

et al. 2020

Transbounding Emerging Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For all 3 viruses, higher numbers of RNA copies were associated with larger particles [24]. Influenza virus RNA was detected in air samples collected between 1.5 and 2.1 Km away from the farms with viral levels significantly lower at 4.65⨯10(3) RNA copies/m 3 [26]. Pigs can be a source of infectious aerosols of Influenza A virus.…”

Section: Airborne Viral Particles and Their Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Association of COVID-19 Disease Severity with Transmission Routes and Suggested Changes to Community Guidelines

Wu¹,

Zha²

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the war against the COVID-19 pandemic, the world is experiencing severe resource constraints. Although transmission routes are well understood, we suspect that they cause different disease consequences. We evaluate them in different forms to understand how they affect infection rates and disease severity. In determining how they affect disease outcome, we evaluated target tissue vulnerability, functional role, defense mechanisms, viral concentration, infection vicinity to target vital tissue, and host factors. We found that direct lung infection is the most lethal transmission route followed by bronchi infection. Transmissions by physical contacts, foods, and blood by low viral concentration (as expected in normal human activities) pose lower or much lower risks unless the infection is followed by subsequent lung exposures. After adding transmission route, treatment timings, and improper treatments into the list of known risk factors, we found that death rate and disability rate for young or healthy persons are nearly zero. We show that population based medical model improperly shifts nominal death rate from few vulnerable people to the population resulting in unnecessary population panic, and such panic is responsible for shutting down human activities and the world economy. Finally, we examined limitations in population-based mitigating measures and proposed for governmental and private adoption community guidelines, which are mainly to enable vulnerable people avoid exposures, prevent non-vulnerable people from serving as viral transmitters, get rid of high-risk exposure modes in working environment, improve safety for people in buses, ships and planes, and reduce death and disability rates for infected people.

show abstract

“…For all 3 viruses, higher numbers of RNA copies were associated with larger particles [27]. Influenza virus RNA was detected in air samples collected between 1.5 and 2.1 Km away from the farms with viral levels significantly lower at 4.65⨯10(3) RNA copies/m 3 [28]. Pigs can be a source of infectious aerosols of Influenza A virus.…”

Section: Airborne Viral Particles In Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Mask Is a Double-edged Sword in the Fight Against COVID-19 Pandemic

Wu¹,

Zha²

2020

SSRN Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The COVID-19 pandemic has become out of control. To determine whether the lack of protection of lungs is a factor for the rapidly increasing infected population, we constructed a mask use model and analyzed how viral particles behavior. We found that mask can prevent viral particles from crossing it, reduce oxygen uptake efficiency, raise inlet air temperature, and increase resistance to breathing. We found that uninfected people should wear masks in any closed public building where viral particles from infected persons are expected to exist; that masks can dramatically aggravate disease severity on infected persons; that use of masks by infected persons is justified only if cross-infection and successive infections from external viral sources outweigh the expected harm; that people with unknown infection status should exercise due care. We further found at this point no fast measure can break the chain of infection, social distancing rule is insufficient, and wearing masks is the only effective remedy for interim protection. We found that World Health Organization's rules on the use of masks are largely incorrect, and so are the rules of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the U.S. We predicted that those rules have dramatically increased severe infection incidence rate, and have made COVID disease of infected persons much severer. We personally noted that a big percent of Americans still do not wear masks in closed public areas, and leave the most lethal transmission route open. If masks are not correctly used, the U.S. and many Western nations © All right reserved, Wu & Zha v100 1 will sustain the worst damages in all aspects from human life and economic activities.

show abstract

Aerosol Detection and Transmission of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV): What Is the Evidence, and What Are the Knowledge Gaps?

Cited by 55 publications

References 52 publications

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus dissemination across pig production systems in the United States

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus dissemination across pig production systems in the United States

Association of COVID-19 Disease Severity with Transmission Routes and Suggested Changes to Community Guidelines

Mask Is a Double-edged Sword in the Fight Against COVID-19 Pandemic

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About