Aerosol extinction in a remote continental region of the Iberian Peninsula during summer

Elías, T.; Silva, Ana Maria; Belo, N.; Pereira, S.; Formenti, Paola; Helas, G.; Wagner, Frank

doi:10.1029/2005jd006610

Cited by 62 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…During the rest of the summer, this region principally experiences clean oceanic conditions (AOT 532 <0.2) as already observed in previous studies (e.g. Elias et al, 2006).…”

Section: Optical Signature Of Smoke Aerosolssupporting

confidence: 67%

Wildfire particulate matter in Europe during summer 2003: meso-scale modeling of smoke emissions, transport and radiative effects

et al. 2007

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Abstract. The present study investigates effects of wildfire emissions on air quality in Europe during an intense fire season that occurred in summer 2003. A meso-scale chemistry transport model CHIMERE is used, together with ground based and satellite aerosol optical measurements, to assess the dispersion of fire emissions and to quantify the associated radiative effects. The model has been improved to take into account a MODIS-derived daily smoke emission inventory as well as the injection altitude of smoke particles. The simulated aerosol optical properties are put into a radiative transfer model to estimate (off-line) the effects of smoke particles on photolysis rates and atmospheric radiative forcing. We have found that the simulated wildfires generated comparable amounts of primary aerosol pollutants (130 kTons of PM 2.5 , fine particles) to anthropogenic sources during August 2003, and caused significant changes in aerosol optical properties not only close to the fire source regions, but also over a large part of Europe as a result of the long-range transport of the smoke. Including these emissions into the model significantly improved its performance in simulating observed aerosol concentrations and optical properties. Quantitative comparison with MODIS and POLDER data during the major fire event (3-8 August 2003) showed the ability of the model to reproduce high aerosol optical thickness (AOT) over Northern Europe caused by the advection of the smoke plume from the Portugal source region. Although there was a fairly good spatial agreement with satellite data (correlation coefficients ranging from 0.4 to 0.9), the temporal variability of AOT data at specific AERONET locations was not well captured by the model. Statistical analyses of modelsimulated AOT data at AERONET ground stations showed a significant decrease in the model biases suggesting that wildfire emissions are responsible for a 30% enhancement in mean AOT values during the heat-wave episode. The impliCorrespondence to: A. Hodzic (alma@ucar.edu) cations for air quality over a large part of Europe are significant during this episode. First, directly, the modeled wildfire emissions caused an increase in average PM 2.5 ground concentrations from 20 to 200%. The largest enhancement in PM 2.5 concentrations stayed, however, confined within a 200 km area around the fire source locations and reached up to 40 µg/m 3 . Second, indirectly, the presence of elevated smoke layers over Europe significantly altered atmospheric radiative properties: the model results imply a 10 to 30% decrease in photolysis rates and an increase in atmospheric radiative forcing of 10-35 W m −2 during the period of strong fire influence throughout a large part of Europe. These results suggest that sporadic wildfire events may have significant effects on regional photochemistry and atmospheric stability, and need to be considered in current chemistry-transport models.

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“…During the rest of the summer, this region principally experiences clean oceanic conditions (AOT 532 <0.2) as already observed in previous studies (e.g. Elias et al, 2006).…”

Section: Optical Signature Of Smoke Aerosolssupporting

confidence: 67%

Wildfire particulate matter in Europe during summer 2003: meso-scale modeling of smoke emissions, transport and radiative effects

et al. 2007

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“…In addition to the desert dust intrusions, the Iberian Peninsula is notably affected by other sources of aerosols. In particular, the southwestern interior part of the Iberian Peninsula is also exposed to local continental aerosols and marine aerosols coming from the Atlantic Ocean (Pereira et al, 2005;Elias et al, 2006;Silva et al, 2006;Pereira et al, 2008;Pereira et al, 2011;Obregón et al, 2012). Additionally, wildfires are an occasional but intense source of aerosols for the area in summer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thirteen Years of Aerosol Radiative Forcing in Southwestern Iberian Peninsula

Muñoz

Costa

Silva

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Notable uncertainties in the aerosol impact on the Earth's radiative budget still remain, mainly at local scales. This study aims to accurately quantify the shortwave aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) and its efficiency (ARFE) at Évora (Portugal, Southwestern Europe). This is an interesting region affected by different aerosol types and sources. Towards this goal, ARF and ARFE are calculated for Évora during thirteen years (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015), which is the longest period ever analyzed for this region. For this calculation, the most updated AERONET data have been used to simulate irradiance with the libRadtran code. Thus, 1676 daily values were analyzed, obtaining a mean ARF of -7.4 W m -2 at the Earth's surface (SURF) and -1.1 W m -2 at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), indicating a cooling of the Earth-atmosphere system. The difference in ARF between TOA and SURF indicates a mean net gain of 6.3 W m -2 for the atmosphere. While no ARF seasonal pattern is observed at the TOA, a clear seasonal cycle is detected at the SURF with the most negative values occurring in summer. On the other hand, ARFE shows mean values of -62.7 W m -2 τ -1 at the SURF and -14.3 W m -2 τ -1 at the TOA. Results show that ARFE highly depends on the aerosol single scattering albedo, showing opposite behavior at the SURF and at the TOA. The large temporal variability detected in the aerosol properties in the region of study confirms the general need for long time series of measurements to achieve an accurate estimation of the ARF and ARFE.

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“…The Saharan dust aerosol properties and their spatial and temporal variability over the Iberian Peninsula during the dust events have already been studied in recent years (Alados-Arboledas et al, 2003Lyamani et al, 2005Lyamani et al, , 2006aLyamani et al, , b, 2008Elias et al, 2006;Mona et al, 2006; Perez *Manuscript Click here to view linked References Dıaz et al, 2007;Guerrero-Rascado et al, 2008Cachorro et al, 2008;Sicard et al, 2011;Perez-Ramirez et al, 2012;Valenzuela et al, 2012;Navas-Guzman et a., 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and pathways of the mineral dust transport to two Spanish EARLINET sites: Effect on the observed columnar and range-resolved dust optical properties

Mandija

Sicard

Comerón

et al. 2017

Atmospheric Research

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In this paper, is presented a method for estimation of the effect of the transport process to aerosol optical properties. Aerosol optical data retrieved by lidars and sun-photometer measurements, are applied to Saharan dust events observed simultaneously at the two EARLINET/AERONET sites of Barcelona and Granada during the periods of June-September of 2012 and 2013. For this purpose, elastic lidar profiles and sun-photometer columnar retrievals are analyzed together with satellite observations and dust forecast models. Granada presents more than twice Saharan dust outbreaks compared to Barcelona. The scenarios favoring the Saharan dust outbreaks are identified in both places. The mineral dust originating in the Sahara region and arriving at both stations is usually transport wither over the Atlas Mountains or through an Atlantic pathway. Analyses of dust events affecting both stations reveal how differences in the transport process lead to differences in the aerosol optical properties measured at each station. Mean dustrelated Ångström exponent is 1.8 times higher in Barcelona than in Granada. This difference is a result of the additional contribution of anthropogenic aerosol, mainly in the aerosol fine mode, during the transport of the mineral dust plume over the Iberian Peninsula.© <2017>. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ DOI Highlights  Coincidence Saharan dust events over the Granada and Barcelona stations are studied.  Column integrated and the vertical resolved from AERONET and EARLINET are used.  Cluster analysis of Hysplit trajectories was involved in this study.  Key scenarios of Saharan dust intrusions over Iberian Peninsula are identified.  Variations of the optical properties, during the transport process are determined. *Highlights (for review)Origin and pathways of the mineral dust transport to two Spanish EARLINET sites: effect on the observed columnar and range-resolved dust optical properties

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Aerosol extinction in a remote continental region of the Iberian Peninsula during summer

Cited by 62 publications

References 44 publications

Wildfire particulate matter in Europe during summer 2003: meso-scale modeling of smoke emissions, transport and radiative effects

Wildfire particulate matter in Europe during summer 2003: meso-scale modeling of smoke emissions, transport and radiative effects

Thirteen Years of Aerosol Radiative Forcing in Southwestern Iberian Peninsula

Origin and pathways of the mineral dust transport to two Spanish EARLINET sites: Effect on the observed columnar and range-resolved dust optical properties

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