Aerosol Marine Primary Carbohydrates and Atmospheric Transformation in the Western Antarctic Peninsula

Zeppenfeld, Sebastian; Pinxteren, Manuela van; Pinxteren, Dominik van; Wex, Heike; Berdalet, Elisa; Vaqué, Dolors; Dall’Osto, Manuel; Herrmann, Hartmut

doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00351

Cited by 26 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…The cations were separated in an isocratic mode (eluent: 36 mM methanesulfonic acid) on a Dionex IonPac CS16-4µm column (2×250 mm) that was combined with a Dionex IonPac CG16-4µm guard column (2×50 mm). The detection limits for the determined ions were between 5 and 20 µg L -1 (Zeppenfeld et al, 2021).…”

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confidence: 95%

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High number concentrations of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in ambient aerosol particles and cloud water – A case study at the tropical Atlantic Ocean

Pinxteren

Robinson

Zeppenfeld

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) exhibit the properties of gels and are ubiquitously found in the world oceans. Possibly, TEP may enter the atmosphere as part of sea spray aerosol. Here, we report number concentrations of TEP (diameter > 4.5 µm) in ambient aerosol and cloud water samples from the tropical Atlantic Ocean as well as in generated aerosol particles using a plunging waterfall tank that was filled with the ambient sea water. The ambient TEP concentrations ranged between 7 × 102 and 3 × 104 #TEP m−3 in supermicron aerosol particles and correlations to sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+) (R2 = 0.5) suggested some contribution via bubble bursting. Cloud water TEP concentrations were between 4 × 106 and 9 × 106 #TEP L−1 corresponding to equivalent air concentrations of 2–4 × 103 #TEP m−3. The TEP concentrations in the tank-generated aerosol particles, produced from the same waters and sampled with an equivalent system, were significantly lower (4 × 102–2 × 103 #TEP m−3) compared to the ambient concentrations. Based on Na+ concentrations in seawater and in the atmosphere, the enrichment factor for TEP in the atmosphere was calculated. The tank-generated TEP were enriched by a factor of 50 compared to sea water and, therefore, in-line with published enrichment factors for supermicron organic matter in general and TEP specifically. TEP enrichment in the ambient atmosphere was on average 1 × 103 in cloud water and 9 × 103 in ambient aerosol particles and therefore about two orders of magnitude higher than the corresponding enrichment from the tank study. Such high enrichment of supermicron particulate organic constituents in the atmosphere is uncommon and we propose that atmospheric TEP concentrations resulted from a combination of enrichment during bubble bursting transfer from the ocean and TEP in-situ formation in atmospheric phases. Abiotic in-situ formation might have occurred from aqueous reactions of dissolved organic precursors that were present in particle and cloud water samples, while biotic formation involves bacteria, which were abundant in the cloud water samples. The ambient TEP number concentrations were two orders of magnitude higher than recently reported ice nucleating particle (INP) concentrations measured at the same location. As TEP likely possess good properties to act as INP, in future experiments it is worth studying if a certain part of TEP contributes a fraction of the biogenic INP population.

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confidence: 95%

“…Aerosol enrichments have been studied for several organic compound groups such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins (e.g. Gao et al, 2012;Rastelli et al, 2017;Schmitt-Kopplin et al, 2012;Triesch et al, 2021a;Triesch et al, 2021b;Zeppenfeld et al, 2021). However, at current, data for TEP enrichment in the atmosphere are scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High number concentrations of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in ambient aerosol particles and cloud water – A case study at the tropical Atlantic Ocean

Pinxteren

Robinson

Zeppenfeld

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Particulate combined carbohydrates (PCCHO, >0.2µm), dissolved combined carbohydrates (DCCHO, <0.2µm) and dissolved free carbohydrates (DFCHO) were determined as described by (Zeppenfeld et al, 2020;Zeppenfeld et al, 2021) using a high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). DFCHO, DCCHO and PCCHO were calculated as the sums of following monosaccharides, either occurring as free molecules (DFCHO) or being released after an acid hydrolysis (DCCHO & PCCHO): glucose, fucose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, xylose, mannose, fructose, glucosamine, galactosamine, muramic acid, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid.…”

Section: Particulate and Dissolved Carbohydrates In Seawatermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the comprehensive air−sea transfer study of marine carbohydrates in the Western Antarctic Peninsula conducted during the PI-ICE field study, Zeppenfeld et al (2021) could show strong indications for the transport of carbohydrates from the ocean to the atmosphere by wind-driven processes. Figure 6 shows results from concentrations of combined carbohydrates (CCHO) in both the particulate (PCCHO) and dissolved (DCCHO) phases as well as dissolved free carbohydrates (DFCHO) for the four SSA melted sea ice experiments.…”

Section: Particulate and Dissolved Sugarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea Ice Microbiota in the Antarctic Peninsula Modulates Cloud-Relevant Sea Spray Aerosol Production

et al. 2022

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Sea spray aerosol (SSA) formation plays a major role in the climate system. The Antarctic Peninsula (AP) is affected by the greatest warming occurring in the Southern Ocean; changes in cryospheric and biological processes are being observed. Whilst there is some evidence that organic material produced by ice algae and/or phytoplankton in the high Arctic contributes to SSA, less is known about Antarctic Sea ice (sympagic) regions. To gain insight into the influence of Antarctic Sea ice biology and biogeochemistry on atmospheric aerosol, we report simultaneous water-air measurements made by means of in situ aerosol chamber experiments. For the first time, we present a methodology showing that the controlled plunging jet aerosol chamber settings do not cause major cell disruption on the studied sea ice ecosystems. Larger sea ice phytoplankton cells (>20 µm; mainly diatoms) tend to sediment at the bottom of the chamber (during the 24h experiment) and likely have a minor role on SSA production. When comparing four chamber experiments - we find that the two producing more SSA are the ones with highest abundance of nanophytoplankton cells (<20 µm; mainly nanoflagellates) as well as viruses. Our marine biogeochemical data show two broad groups of dissolved organic carbon: one rich in carbohydrates and proteic material and one rich in humic-like substances; the latter enhancing SSA production. This work provides unique insights into sea ice productivity that modulates SSA production, with potentially significant climate impacts. Further studies of these types are advised in order to see how microbiology impacts the biogeochemical cycling of elements and how aerosols are formed and processed in cold regions.

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“…Chromophoric and fluorescent DOM (Yamashita and Tanoue, 2008), and some proteins (Aluwihare et al, 2005; Table 2), have the potential to be used as biomarkers for recalcitrant DOM. Monosaccharides are present in primary marine aerosol (Russell et al, 2010;Frossard et al, 2014;Zeppenfeld et al, 2021) and could serve as a biomarker for recent biological activity as they are labile (Table 2). Labile organic matter also includes mono-and dicarboxylic acids, fatty acids, lipids, and glycerols (Mochida et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2015;Cochran et al, 2016Cochran et al, , 2017Moran et al, 2016;Rastelli et al, 2017).…”

Section: Organic Matter Contributions To Primary Marine Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean Aerobiology

2021

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Ocean aerobiology is defined here as the study of biological particles of marine origin, including living organisms, present in the atmosphere and their role in ecological, biogeochemical, and climate processes. Hundreds of trillions of microorganisms are exchanged between ocean and atmosphere daily. Within a few days, tropospheric transport potentially disperses microorganisms over continents and between oceans. There is a need to better identify and quantify marine aerobiota, characterize the time spans and distances of marine microorganisms’ atmospheric transport, and determine whether microorganisms acclimate to atmospheric conditions and remain viable, or even grow. Exploring the atmosphere as a microbial habitat is fundamental for understanding the consequences of dispersal and will expand our knowledge of biodiversity, biogeography, and ecosystem connectivity across different marine environments. Marine organic matter is chemically transformed in the atmosphere, including remineralization back to CO2. The magnitude of these transformations is insignificant in the context of the annual marine carbon cycle, but may be a significant sink for marine recalcitrant organic matter over long (∼104 years) timescales. In addition, organic matter in sea spray aerosol plays a significant role in the Earth’s radiative budget by scattering solar radiation, and indirectly by affecting cloud properties. Marine organic matter is generally a poor source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), but a significant source of ice nucleating particles (INPs), affecting the formation of mixed-phase and ice clouds. This review will show that marine biogenic aerosol plays an impactful, but poorly constrained, role in marine ecosystems, biogeochemical processes, and the Earth’s climate system. Further work is needed to characterize the connectivity and feedbacks between the atmosphere and ocean ecosystems in order to integrate this complexity into Earth System models, facilitating future climate and biogeochemical predictions.

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Aerosol Marine Primary Carbohydrates and Atmospheric Transformation in the Western Antarctic Peninsula

Cited by 26 publications

References 125 publications

High number concentrations of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in ambient aerosol particles and cloud water – A case study at the tropical Atlantic Ocean

High number concentrations of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in ambient aerosol particles and cloud water – A case study at the tropical Atlantic Ocean

Sea Ice Microbiota in the Antarctic Peninsula Modulates Cloud-Relevant Sea Spray Aerosol Production

Ocean Aerobiology

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