Aetiology of bacterial meningitis and resistance to antibiotics of causative pathogens in Europe and in the Mediterranean region

Tzanakaki, Georgina; Mastrantonio, Paola

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.11.031

Cited by 41 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…In 2001, the National Advisory Committee on Immunization recommended the vaccine, and in 2003, the vaccine was provincially funded (22,26). While historically, serogroup B and C infections have displayed complementary cyclical patterns of disease incidence (12, 23), we observed a marked increase in the proportion of serogroup B IMD cases well beyond what would be expected based on historical epidemiological trends (5,12,35).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

Epidemiology of Invasive Meningococcal Disease with Decreased Susceptibility to Penicillin in Ontario, Canada, 2000 to 2006

Brown

Fisman

Drews

et al. 2010

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

Epidemiology of Invasive Meningococcal Disease with Decreased Susceptibility to Penicillin in Ontario, Canada, 2000 to 2006

Brown

Fisman

Drews

et al. 2010

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…These two vaccines will cover the most commonly occurring serogroup B strains in many European countries (17,29). The results from the primary immunizations showed that the combined vaccine was immunogenic with regard to both vaccine strains and that the responses were of the same magnitude as the homologous responses observed for each individual vaccine, even though the dose was only half.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Ideally, therefore, a serogroup B meningococcal vaccine should elicit protection against a wide range of clinical strains in all age groups. The two most prevalent serogroup B strains in Europe in 1999/2000 were B:4:P1.4 and B:15:P1.7,16, together being responsible for about 75% of the cases of serogroup B meningococcal disease in Europe (5,17,29). Therefore, the approach of combining two different OMV vaccines, MenBvac and MeNZB, may have a considerable impact on the control of serogroup B meningococcal disease (2,21,27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity and Safety of a Combination of Two Serogroup B Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccines

Sandbu

Feiring

Oster

et al. 2007

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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MenBvac and MeNZB are safe and efficacious vaccines against serogroup B meningococcal disease. MenBvac is prepared from a B:15:P1.7,16 meningococcal strain (strain 44/76), and MeNZB is prepared from a B:4:P1.7-2,4 strain (strain NZ98/254). At 6-week intervals, healthy adults received three doses of MenBvac (25 g), MeNZB (25 g), or the MenBvac and MeNZB (doses of 12.5 g of each vaccine) vaccines combined, followed by a booster 1 year later. Two-thirds of the subjects who received a monovalent vaccine in the primary schedule received the other monovalent vaccine as a booster dose. The immune responses to the combined vaccine were of the same magnitude as the homologous responses to each individual vaccine observed. At 6 weeks after the third dose, 77% and 87% of the subjects in the combined vaccine group achieved serum bactericidal titers of >4 against strains 44/76 and NZ98/254, respectively, and 97% and 93% of the subjects achieved a fourfold or greater increase in opsonophagocytic activity against strains 44/76 and NZ98/254, respectively. For both strains, a trend of higher responses after the booster dose was observed in all groups receiving at least one dose of the respective strain-specific vaccine. Local and systemic reactions were common in all vaccine groups. Most reactions were mild or moderate in intensity, and there were no vaccine-related serious adverse events. The safety profile of the combined vaccine was not different from those of the separate monovalent vaccines. In conclusion, use of either of the single vaccines or the combination of MenBvac and MeNZB may have a considerable impact on the serogroup B meningococcal disease situation in many countries.

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“…Bacterial meningitis approximately causes more than one hundred thousand deaths per year worldwide (2). Meningitis continues to remain among the leading causes of childhood death, particularly in the developing countries (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But, because of the selective pressure, extensive empirical uses of broad-spectrum antibiotics often lead to the emergence of resistant isolates against many antimicrobial agents (7). New information of antimicrobial susceptibility testing for routinely used antibiotics could guide clinicians to better choices of antibiotics for prophylaxis purposes (2,8). Antibiotic susceptibility patterns may also vary among hospitals; therefore, this information is particularly vital for the effectiveness of empirical therapy in acute cases (7,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Etiological Agents and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Meningitis in Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz, Iran

Motamedifar

Ebrahim‐Saraie

Mansury

et al. 2015

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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Background:Meningitis is a serious inflammation of the meninges, mainly caused by bacteria. Treatment of this life threatening disease should not be delayed; therefore, rapid empirical antibiotic therapy should be immediately started. Antimicrobial therapy based on early Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) examination has an important role in limitation of bacterial meningitis. Objectives: The current study aimed to identify the prevalence of etiological agents of bacterial meningitis and their susceptibility patterns against commonly used antibiotics. Patients and Methods:This cross-sectional study was performed within a two-year period 2011-2013 on all patients with suspected meningitis referring to Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Cerebrospinal fluid specimens were collected aseptically, and conventional methods were employed to isolate and identify the bacteria. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using disk diffusion method according clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) recommendation. Results: Out of 2229 suspected meningitis cases, 255 (11.4%) were detected as positive culture. Most of the isolates were Gram-positive cocci, which 116 (45.5%) were Staphylococcus epidermidis, and 20 (7.8%) identified as Streptococcus spp. Among Gram-negative isolates, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter spp., each with 19 isolates (5.9%), were predominant. Overall, the most effective antibiotics against Gram-positive cocci were vancomycin (91.5%), chloramphenicol (75.2%), and gentamicin (59.3%), respectively. Gram-negative isolates were mostly susceptible to gentamicin (65.1%), chloramphenicol (42.9%), and ciprofloxacin (39.7%), respectively. Conclusions: Gram-positive cocci, such as (Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci) CoNS and aerobic Gram-negative bacilli, were identified as the common etiologic agents of bacterial meningitis. Since the majority of these isolates was part of the normal flora and considered as opportunistic nosocomial infections, it is required to consider the importance of infection control programs in the healthcare centers.

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Aetiology of bacterial meningitis and resistance to antibiotics of causative pathogens in Europe and in the Mediterranean region

Cited by 41 publications

References 75 publications

Epidemiology of Invasive Meningococcal Disease with Decreased Susceptibility to Penicillin in Ontario, Canada, 2000 to 2006

Epidemiology of Invasive Meningococcal Disease with Decreased Susceptibility to Penicillin in Ontario, Canada, 2000 to 2006

Immunogenicity and Safety of a Combination of Two Serogroup B Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccines

Prevalence of Etiological Agents and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Meningitis in Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz, Iran

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