Affect of serum leptin on nutritional status in renal disease

Norton, Philippa

doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(02)90248-8

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Leptin regulates the energy balance and weight of organisms through negative feedback mechanism (Farooqi et al, 2002). Leptin has the effect of suppressing appetite, increasing protein degradation and inhibiting fat synthesis, affecting many physiological systems and metabolic pathways of the body (Norton, 2002). The HDL receptor mediates the selective uptake of cholesterol (Thuahnai et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of heat stress on production performance and protein metabolism of skeletal muscle in meat rabbits

Liu,

Sun

et al. 2024

Preprint

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In modern animal husbandry production, rabbits are readily affected by heat stress in summer. A critical issue in rabbit production is to determine the mechanism by which heat stress prevents muscle growth. The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of heat stress on performance and protein metabolism of skeletal muscle in meat rabbits. A total of 160 New Zealand White rabbits aged 80 days with mean initial body weights of 2359 ± 200 g were randomly divided into the control group and heat stress group. The experiment duration was 20 days. Heat stress treatment reduced the growth performance and slaughter performance of the rabbits (P < 0.05), and increased muscle yellowness (b*, P < 0.05). In addition, heat stress treatment increased the concentrations of leptin, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in serum (P < 0.05), and decreased the serum total protein and immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, and IgA) contents of rabbits. Under the criteria fold-change ≥ 1.20 or ≤ 0.84 and P-value ≤ 0.05, seven up-regulated proteins and 122 down-regulated proteins were screened. A gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed proteins was performed. The most enriched specific GO terms among the differential proteins were response to stress, extracellular region, and protein binding in the biological process, cellular component, and molecular function categories, respectively, and the most enriched pathway was PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Heat stress reduced the carcass yield of growing meat rabbits, changed the physical characteristics of the skeletal muscle, influenced protein metabolism by changing blood indices potentially through the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of heat stress on production performance and protein metabolism of skeletal muscle in meat rabbits

Liu,

Sun

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Total cholesterol < 100 mg/dL and decreases in non-HDL-cholesterol and non-HDL/HDL cholesterol ratio (including triglyceride-rich lipoproteins) have been paradoxically associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing incident hemodialysis [ 34 ]. However, numerous other indicators may also not constitute reliable indicators, as an example: (a) low serum transferrin, estimated by total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) is influenced by iron deficiency, inflammation, poor quality of life in patients on hemodialysis [ 35 ], (b) creatinine is heavily influenced by muscle mass volume, hemodialysis adequacy, residual renal clearance, hypercatabolism by dialysis, protein food intake prior to sampling (e.g., previous meal), particularly when blood is drawn following the longer interdialytic period or during afternoon HD sessions [ 36 ], (c) serum leptin is one of the parameters underlying the onset of anorexia in hemodialysis patients, but cannot be considered an important correlation factor due to significant association with inflammation [ 37 , 38 ], (d) metabolic acidosis, together with low caloric intake, elicits muscle proteolysis, reducing the sensitivity of cells to insulin, boosting the presence of molecules such as ghrelin and leptin that act on the central nervous system (CNS), which in turn increase resting energy expenditure [ 39 ], and (e) lymphocytopenia may represent a confounding factor due to the frequent presence in HD patients of a sub-chronical disease-causing a decrease in lymphocyte count, including primary immune deficiencies and immune deficiencies secondary to malnutrition or zinc deprivation, excess catabolism, immunosuppressive therapy, HIV infection, systemic lupus erythematosus, certain viral infections, lymphoma, renal insufficiency, and idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia [ 40 ].…”

Section: Monitoring Of Nutritional Status In Ckd Patients: Affectementioning

confidence: 99%

Hemodialysis—Nutritional Flaws in Diagnosis and Prescriptions. Could Amino Acid Losses Be the Sharpest “Sword of Damocles”?

Bolasco

2020

Nutrients

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This review aims to highlight the strengths and weaknesses emerging from diagnostic evaluations and prescriptions in an intent to prevent progression over time of malnutrition and/or protein-energy wasting (PEW) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. In particular, indications of the most effective pathway to follow in diagnosing a state of malnutrition are provided based on a range of appropriate chemical-clinical, anthropometric and instrumental analyses and monitoring of the nutritional status of HD patients. Finally, based on the findings of recent studies, therapeutic options to be adopted for the purpose of preventing or slowing down malnutrition have been reviewed, with particular focus on protein-calorie intake, the role of oral and/or intravenous supplements and efficacy of some classes of amino acids. A new determining factor that may lead inexorably to PEW in hemodialysis patients is represented by severe amino acid loss during hemodialysis sessions, for which mandatory compensation should be introduced.

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“…On the contrary, the administration of a recombinant analogue of growth hormone is associated with a better nutritional status and a significant reduction of leptin levels. It is possible that this effect is due to insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 which could inhibit leptin synthesis (Norton, 2002).…”

Section: Reduced Nutrient Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This observation is partly explained by an increase in the mean age of patients because an older age, along with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases (Qureshi et al 2002) are important risk factors for the onset of malnutrition in a clinical setting (Johannsson & Ahlmen, 2003). Although oral supplementation and parenteral (even intradialytic) nutrition are common therapeutic tools in clinical practice, the prevalence of malnutrition in CRF patients is not influenced by the choice of therapeutic intervention (Norton, 2002;Guarnieri et al 2003). During conservative treatment the incidence and severity of malnutrition increase in association with the degree of renal function loss and exhibit a predictive value for 1-year mortality (Cano, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Pathophysiological and clinical aspects of malnutrition in chronic renal failure

2005

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Kidney diseases are the ninth leading cause of death in the USA. In these patients cardiovascular mortality is greater than in the general population. This observation, not completely explained by the so-called ‘traditional’ cardiovascular risk factors, lead the authors to postulate other ‘emerging’ ones found in chronic renal failure patients. Among these new findings, nutritional status, considered as the balance existing between nutrient requirements and intakes, plays an important role for the development of cardiovascular diseases. In fact several nutritional parameters are widely known as pathophysiological determinants of cardiovascular disturbances, which are based on accelerated atherosclerosis, due especially to enhanced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Chronic renal failure is a clinical condition that from many points of view seems to be a chronic inflammatory state, and many studies confirm this observation. This influences nutritional status especially in dialysis patients. Malnutrition is related in turn to accelerated atherosclerosis thus leading to a postulated ‘malnutrition, inflammation, atherosclerosis’ (MIA) syndrome in which malnutrition, inflammation and atherosclerosis contribute to an elevated cardiovascular mortality rate. The present review explores this issue, first by describing epidemiological aspects of malnutrition in chronic renal failure patients and then by analysing the specific biochemical and metabolic features of these patients.

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Affect of serum leptin on nutritional status in renal disease

Cited by 9 publications

References 58 publications

Effects of heat stress on production performance and protein metabolism of skeletal muscle in meat rabbits

Effects of heat stress on production performance and protein metabolism of skeletal muscle in meat rabbits

Hemodialysis—Nutritional Flaws in Diagnosis and Prescriptions. Could Amino Acid Losses Be the Sharpest “Sword of Damocles”?

Pathophysiological and clinical aspects of malnutrition in chronic renal failure

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