Affective and cognitive dimensions of ski destination images. The case of Norway and the Lillehammer region

Abstract

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Destination image formation: Towards a holistic approach

“…During the interviews, the image was seen to be in a constant flow of changes with its components gaining and losing significance depending on circumstances and increased familiarity through information. Although destination image is often discussed as a “composite of products (attractions) and attributes woven into a total impression” (MacKay & Fesenmaier, , p. 538), for our participants, the image did not seem to be a “composite” or “aggregate.” Instead, we observed a fragmented image that is influenced by various factors and is based on various information sources (see also Andersen et al, ; Ek Styvén et al, ; Govers et al, ). The several elements of the image did not have a necessarily logical connection but remained a set of juxtaposed aspects, coexisting next to each other to form a whole rather than mixing into each other and merging in a complementary manner.…”

“…or "aggregate." Instead, we observed a fragmented image that is influenced by various factors and is based on various information sources (see also Andersen et al, 2017;Ek Styvén et al, 2017;Govers et al, 2007). The several elements of the image did not have a necessarily logical connection but remained a set of juxtaposed aspects, coexisting next to each other to form a whole rather than mixing into each other and merging in a complementary manner.…”

“…Therefore, it is crucial to understand fully the forces that play a role in destination image formation. With a growing recognition of the multidimensionality of the image (Andersen, Øian, Aas, & Tangeland, ), several authors point to the need for more refined theoretical frameworks and empirical research focusing on the formation of destination images (e.g., Gallarza, Saura and Garcı́a, 2002; Lai & Li, ; Ek Styvén, Näppä, & Strandberg, ). Kim and Chen () criticize that the literature has not developed much after the 1990s “due to limited efforts to offer new critical points of view on structural innovation related to destination image formation” (p. 154).…”

Perceived Sustainable Destination Image: Implications for Marketing Strategies in Europe

“…A considerable volume of research has utilized national culture as a rationale for market segmentation [45][46][47], and thus, it is felt to be an appropriate basis for segmentation. Nationality has received growing attention in research studies since Hofstede (1980) [48], as it has been argued to be one of the most influential aspects that affects tourism behavior [49][50][51][52] and influences destination image [53][54][55][56][57]. Furthermore, national culture plays a key role in the way tourists from different countries interpret the sustainability and, in consequence, as a fundamental element on the sustainability image of tourism destinations [30].…”

An Empirical Investigation of Destination Branding: The Case of the City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

“…Studies have been arguing that destination image has become a key element in destination marketing aiming at a differentiation feature in order to make the destination competitive. Thus, it becomes increasingly necessary to understand the destination image formation, not only for professionals, but also for scholars [34,35].…”