Affective temperaments and ego defense mechanisms associated with somatic symptom severity in a large sample

Hyphantis, Thomas; Taunay, Tauily C.; Macedo, Danielle; Soeiro-de-Souza, Márcio G.; Bisol, Luísa Weber; Fountoulakis, Konstantinos Ν.; Lara, Diogo R.; Carvalho, André F.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.04.043

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Based on previous work from Kraepelin (1921) and Kretschmer (1936), Akiskal and colleagues operationalized the concept of affective temperaments for research purposes with the definition of hyperthymic, cyclothymic, irritable, anxious, and depressive temperaments (Akiskal et al, 2005;Akiskal et al, 1998;Akiskal and Akiskal, 2005). Since then, accumulating evidence indicates that affective temperaments may influence creativity (Akiskal and Akiskal, 2007), and may also contribute to the emergence and modify the expression of affective disorders (Carvalho et al, 2013;Fountoulakis et al, 2016;Qiu et al, 2016), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (Camara et al, 2016), somatic symptoms (Hyphantis et al, 2013), and even suicidality (Baldessarini et al, 2016). Hence, the hyperthymic temperament may protect against suicidality, whereas the depressive temperament may increase suicidal risk (Serafini et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploratory study of the heterogeneity of the jealousy phenomenon and its associations with affective temperaments and psychopathological dimensions in a large Brazilian sample

Lima

Köhler

Stubbs

et al. 2017

Journal of Affective Disorders

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exploratory study of the heterogeneity of the jealousy phenomenon and its associations with affective temperaments and psychopathological dimensions in a large Brazilian sample, Journal of Affective Disorders, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016Disorders, http://dx.doi.org/10. /j.jad.2017 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. METHODS: A Brazilian Portuguese version of the "Questionario della Gelosia" (QUEGE) was developed. We obtained data from an anonymous web-based research platform. Socio-demographic data was obtained and participants answered the QUEGE, the TEMPS-Rio de Janeiro, and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R).RESULTS: 2042 participants (29 % men, 71% female, mean age + SD: 28.9 ± 8.8years), took part in this survey. Confirmatory factor analysis provided a five-factor model for the QUEGE with self-esteem, paranoia, interpersonal sensitivity, fear of being abandoned, and obsessive dimensions. The anxious, irritable, cyclothymic, and depressive temperaments were independently associated with jealousy dimensions, whereas the hyperthymic temperament was associated with lower scores on the selfesteem jealousy dimension (N= 2042, P < 0.001). Jealousy subtypes were dissimilarly associated with SCL-90R psychopathological dimensions, whereas the 'obsessive' jealousy dimension was not significantly associated with SCL-90R dimension scores.We found no independent influence of gender across any jealousy dimension.LIMITATIONS: A convenience web-based sample was employed. Cross-sectional design precludes the establishment of causal inferences.CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that a five-factor solution may provide the best-fit model for the QUEGE. Different jealousy subtypes were independently associated with affective temperaments and psychopathological dimensions. These associations reported herein should be confirmed in prospective studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploratory study of the heterogeneity of the jealousy phenomenon and its associations with affective temperaments and psychopathological dimensions in a large Brazilian sample

Lima

Köhler

Stubbs

et al. 2017

Journal of Affective Disorders

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“…The tendency to somaticize has been associated with temperament in some studies (Hyphantis et al. ) but not in others (Karvonen et al. ), and symptom reporting is in turn influenced by affective states even in the absence of a difference in symptom severity (Skotzko ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conscientiousness is modified by genetic variation in catechol‐O‐methyltransferase to reduce symptom complaints in IBS patients

et al. 2014

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BackgroundAttention to and perception of physical sensations and somatic states can significantly influence reporting of complaints and symptoms in the context of clinical care and randomized trials. Although anxiety and high neuroticism are known to increase the frequency and severity of complaints, it is not known if other personality dimensions or genes associated with cognitive function or sympathetic tone can influence complaints. Genetic variation in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is associated with anxiety, personality, pain, and response to placebo treatment. We hypothesized that the association of complaint reporting with personality might be modified by variation in the COMT val158met genotype.MethodsWe administered a standard 25-item complaint survey weekly over 3-weeks to a convenience sample of 187 irritable bowel syndrome patients enrolled in a placebo intervention trial and conducted a repeated measures analysis.ResultsWe found that complaint severity rating, our primary outcome, was negatively associated with the personality measures of conscientiousness (β = −0.31 SE 0.11, P = 0.003) and agreeableness (β = −0.38 SE 0.12, P = 0.002) and was positively associated with neuroticism (β = 0.24 SE 0.09, P = 0.005) and anxiety (β = 0.48 SE 0.09, P < 0.0001). We also found a significant interaction effect of COMT met alleles (β = −32.5 SE 14.1, P = 0.021). in patients genotyped for COMT val158met (N = 87) specifically COMT × conscientiousness (β = 0.73 SE 0.26, P = 0.0042) and COMT × anxiety (β = −0.42 SE 0.16, P = 0.0078) interaction effects.ConclusionThese findings potentially broaden our understanding of the factors underlying clinical complaints to include the personality dimension of conscientiousness and its modification by COMT.

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“…Indeed, it has been reported that approximately 25-50% of emergency department (ED) visits by adolescents are for non urgent and non organic problems (Alderman, 2012;Cozzi et al, 2017). Research among adults population have shown that somatoform symptoms are significant associated with both difficulty in expressing and verbalizing emotional states and experiences (Panayiotou et al, 2015;Saariaho et al, 2016) and use of immature defense mechanisms (Hyphantis et al, 2013a(Hyphantis et al, , 2013b. Moreover research have widely underlined the presence of significant associations between alexithymia and immature defense strategies (Alilu et al, 2014).…”

Section: Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatoform Symptoms In Adolescents Who Visit The Emergency Department: Alexithymia And Defensive Strategies

Marzilli¹

2017

European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences

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Somatoform symptoms represent one of the main reasons of access to emergency department (ED) in adolescence. Research in this field has limitedly focused on difficulties to recognize and cope with their own emotions, considering the access rate to an ED. The present study aims to verify whether adolescents who accessed an ED for somatoform symptoms show high alexithymia traits and use specific defense strategies. Adolescents (range: 15-24 years) who visited an ED for somatoform symptoms (N=37) or who accessed to an ED for somatoform symptoms in the past (N=37) were involved in this study and completed the TAS-20 to assess alexithymia and the REM-71 to assess use of defense mechanisms. A control group of adolescents from general population were paired. Adolescents who visited an ED for somatoform symptoms shown more alexithymic traits and a higher use of maladaptive defense strategies respect to control group. Higher rates of access to ED are associated with more use of repression, but only for adolescents who accessed to an ED in the past. Finally, alexithymic characteristics are associated with use of specific defense strategies. Our findings confirm that ED is one of the most used services of young people suffering from somatoform symptoms. In this perspective, ED visits are to be considered as adolescents' unconscious attempt to seek psychological help. These findings evidence the importance of prevention programs based on increasing of awareness and acceptance of unconscious needs and on the promoting of use of adaptive defense mechanisms.

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Affective temperaments and ego defense mechanisms associated with somatic symptom severity in a large sample

Cited by 27 publications

References 45 publications

An exploratory study of the heterogeneity of the jealousy phenomenon and its associations with affective temperaments and psychopathological dimensions in a large Brazilian sample

An exploratory study of the heterogeneity of the jealousy phenomenon and its associations with affective temperaments and psychopathological dimensions in a large Brazilian sample

Conscientiousness is modified by genetic variation in catechol‐O‐methyltransferase to reduce symptom complaints in IBS patients

Somatoform Symptoms In Adolescents Who Visit The Emergency Department: Alexithymia And Defensive Strategies

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