Afferent and Efferent Connections of Temporal Association Cortex in the Rat: A Horseradish Peroxidase Study

Vaudano, Elisabetta; Legg, Charles; Glickstein, Mitchell

doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1991.tb00818.x

Cited by 116 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Similarly, tracing experiments in the gerbil reported a similar direct pathway between secondary visual areas and auditory cortex Schroeder and Lakatos 2009). In the rat, projections have been documented between auditory core area Te1 and primary/secondary visual areas (Vaudano et al 1991). The wide generality of cross-modal connections between low-level sensory cortices reinforces the view that they are a fundamental part of neocortical circuitry.…”

Section: Cross-species Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Recent anatomical studies have identified direct ''heteromodal'' projections between low-level putatively modality-specific auditory, visual, and somatosensory cortices (Falchier et al 2002;Rockland and Ojima 2003;Cappe and Barone 2005;De La Mothe et al 2006;Smiley et al 2007;Hall and Lomber 2008;Wang et al 2008). These findings are reproduced in a number of species including ferrets (Bizley et al 2007), gerbils (Budinger et al 2006(Budinger et al , 2008Budinger and Scheich 2009), rats (Vaudano et al 1991), and mice (Wang and Burkhalter 2007). They are augmented by a virtual explosion of physiological demonstrations of multisensory interaction in low-level cortices in a number of species, even at the level of koniocortex (reviewed by Ghazanfar and Schroeder 2006;Driver and Noesselt 2008;Schroeder et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

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Projection from Visual Areas V2 and Prostriata to Caudal Auditory Cortex in the Monkey

et al. 2009

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Studies in humans and monkeys report widespread multisensory interactions at or near primary visual and auditory areas of neocortex. The range and scale of these effects has prompted increased interest in interconnectivity between the putatively ''unisensory'' cortices at lower hierarchical levels. Recent anatomical tract-tracing studies have revealed direct projections from auditory cortex to primary visual area (V1) and secondary visual area (V2) that could serve as a substrate for auditory influences over low-level visual processing. To better understand the significance of these connections, we looked for reciprocal projections from visual cortex to caudal auditory cortical areas in macaque monkeys. We found direct projections from area prostriata and the peripheral visual representations of area V2. Projections were more abundant after injections of temporoparietal area and caudal parabelt than after injections of caudal medial belt and the contiguous areas near the fundus of the lateral sulcus. Only one injection was confined to primary auditory cortex (area A1) and did not demonstrate visual connections. The projections from visual areas originated mainly from infragranular layers, suggestive of a ''feedback''-type projection. The selective localization of these connections to peripheral visual areas and caudal auditory cortex suggests that they are involved in spatial localization.

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Section: Cross-species Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Projection from Visual Areas V2 and Prostriata to Caudal Auditory Cortex in the Monkey

et al. 2009

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“…In addition to the direct involvement of the primary and secondary auditory cortices, the PPC receives extensive projections from the primary and secondary sensory areas (Par1, Par2), secondary occipital areas (OC2M, OC2L), and primary temporal cortex (Au1) (34). Similarly, TeA receives strong inputs from auditory cortex, as well as OC1, OC2M, and OC2L (35). ACC also receives visual (OC1, OC2M) and auditory inputs (35,36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, TeA receives strong inputs from auditory cortex, as well as OC1, OC2M, and OC2L (35). ACC also receives visual (OC1, OC2M) and auditory inputs (35,36). RSG, besides its strong connections with hippocampus, receives extensive visual inputs (OC2M, OC2L) (34,37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rat brains also have a default mode network

Zou

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

544

571

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The default mode network (DMN) in humans has been suggested to support a variety of cognitive functions and has been implicated in an array of neuropsychological disorders. However, its function (s) remains poorly understood. We show that rats possess a DMN that is broadly similar to the DMNs of nonhuman primates and humans. Our data suggest that, despite the distinct evolutionary paths between rodent and primate brain, a well-organized, intrinsically coherent DMN appears to be a fundamental feature in the mammalian brain whose primary functions might be to integrate multimodal sensory and affective information to guide behavior in anticipation of changing environmental contingencies.functional MRI | resting state | intrinsic activity | connectivity | spontaneous fluctuation I n the absence of an immediate need for goal-directed attention to the surrounding environment, our minds wander from recollection of past happenings to imagination of future events. Neuroimaging studies have consistently identified a set of interconnected brain areas that becomes less active during attentiondemanding cognitive tasks (1). This so-called default mode network (DMN) is posited to play a fundamental role in brain organization and supports a variety of self-referential functions such as understanding others' mental state, recollection and imagination (2), conceptual processing (3), and even in the sustenance of conscious awareness (4). Many of these functions have been considered to be unique to humans. Intriguingly, similar coherent structures have been shown to exist in anesthetized macaque monkeys and chimpanzees (5, 6). Furthermore, the functions of the default network are disrupted in such neuropsychological disorders as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and autism (7-9), underscoring the clear and critical need for further investigating the neurobiological basis of DMN using animal models.The evolutionary clade of rodents is about 35 million years earlier than that of old world monkeys and about 60 million years earlier than humans (10). Although many of the structures and functions of subcortical nuclei are conserved across these three species, the neocortex, in particular the "association" cortex, has extensively expanded in the primate as a result of evolutionary pressure, which is considered to be crucial in the development of higher cognitive and behavioral functions (10, 11). On the other hand, such structures as cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampal formation, all of which are critical elements of the DMN, are also present in rodents (11). Given the distant evolutionary paths between rodent and primate brain, an intriguing question arises: Does the rat possess a similar DMN? Such a network, once demonstrated, would not only suggest that an operational DMN is a common feature in the mammalian brain, perhaps induced via parallel evolution as a result of natural selection, it would also offer a novel platform to explore the physiological basis and behavioral significance of the DMN. Such a demonstratio...

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“…Studies using rhyming tasks to visually presented words have shown activation in bilateral cerebellum (Fulbright et al, 1999). Although some studies show that superior portion of the cerebellum is interconnected with lateral temporal cortex (Brodal, 1978;Schmahmann & Pandya, 1991;Vaudano et al, 1991), studies in primates show that the superior portion of the cerebellar hemisphere is predominantly interconnected with inferior frontal cortex, whereas the inferior portion is predominantly interconnected with parietal cortex (Brodal, 1978;Schmahmann & Pandya, 1997). Based on the role of the inferior frontal cortex in articulation and the parietal cortex in phonological short-term memory, Desmond and colleagues proposed that superior portion of right cerebellum (VI/Crus I) is involved in articulatory control, whereas the inferior portion (VII) of right cerebellum is involved in phonological working memory (Desmond et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the basal ganglia and cerebellum in language processing

et al. 2007

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The roles of the cerebellum and basal ganglia have typically been confined in the literature to motor planning and control. However, mounting evidence suggests that these structures are involved in more cognitive domains such as language processing. In the current study, we looked at effective connectivity (the influence that one brain region has on another) of the cerebellum and basal ganglia with regions thought to be involved in phonological processing, i.e. left inferior frontal gyrus and left lateral temporal cortex. We analyzed functional magnetic resonance imaging data (fMRI) obtained during a rhyming judgment task in adults using dynamic causal modeling (DCM). The results showed that the cerebellum has reciprocal connections with both left inferior frontal gyrus and left lateral temporal cortex, whereas the putamen has unidirectional connections into these two brain regions. Furthermore, the connections between cerebellum and these phonological processing areas were stronger than the connections between putamen and these areas. This pattern of results suggests that the putamen and cerebellum may have distinct roles in language processing. Based on research in the motor planning and control literature, we argue that the putamen engages in cortical initiation while the cerebellum amplifies and refines this signal to facilitate correct decision making.

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Afferent and Efferent Connections of Temporal Association Cortex in the Rat: A Horseradish Peroxidase Study

Cited by 116 publications

References 40 publications

Projection from Visual Areas V2 and Prostriata to Caudal Auditory Cortex in the Monkey

Projection from Visual Areas V2 and Prostriata to Caudal Auditory Cortex in the Monkey

Rat brains also have a default mode network

The role of the basal ganglia and cerebellum in language processing

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