Aflatoxicosis in fingerling common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and protective effect of rosemary and thyme powder: Growth performance and digestive status

Tasa, Hasan; Ahmad, Iqbal; Moghanlou, Kourosh Sarvi; Nazdar, Nina; Moradi-Ozarlou, Masoumeh

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735437

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In the study of AbdEl-Naby et al [61], a combination of chitosan nanoparticles and thymol significantly enhanced lipase and protease activities, and subsequent feed utilization. The inclusion of 4% thyme in the common carp diet modified digestive enzymes' activity in fish exposed to aflatoxin-B 1 [62]. Khalil et al [54] observed significant elevations in amylase activity of Nile tilapia, having consumed supplemental thyme (Thymus vulgaris) powder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Dietary Thyme Oil (Thymus vulgaris) Essential Oils for Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio): Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Antioxidant Defense, Tissue and Mucus Immune Parameters, and Resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila

Ghafarifarsani

Hoseinifar

Sheikhlar

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Nutrition

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This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil (TVO) on growth performance, digestive enzymes, biochemical parameters, hematological indices, liver enzymes, and pathogen resistance in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Triplicate groups of fish (15.36 ± 0.10 g) were fed daily with diets supplemented with TVO at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 percent for 60 days then challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. The results determined that supplementation of thyme resulted in significantly higher final body weights (FBW) and lower feed conversion ratios (FCR). Furthermore, no mortality was observed in the thyme-supplemented treatments. Regression analysis showed that fish growth parameters were polynomially related to dietary TVO levels. The optimum dietary TVO level, based upon the varied growth parameters, was 1.344 to 1.436%. Digestive enzymes activity, including amylase and protease, significantly increased in fish fed the supplemented diets. The thyme-supplemented diets also significantly increased the biochemical parameters, including total protein, albumin, and acid phosphatase (ACP), compared to the control group. We also observed significant increases in hematological indices, including red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), hematocrit (Hct), and hemoglobin (Hb) in common carp fed diets containing thyme oil ( P < 0.05 ). Liver enzymes activity including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was also reduced ( P < 0.05 ). Immune parameters, including total protein and total immunoglobulin (total Ig) levels, alternative complement pathway hemolytic (ACH50), lysozyme, protease, and ALP in the skin mucus, and lysozyme, total Ig, and ACH50 in the intestine were higher ( P < 0.05 ) in TVO-supplemented fish. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the liver were also elevated ( P < 0.05 ) in TVO administered groups. Lastly, thyme-supplementation resulted in higher survival rates after the A. hydrophila challenge compared to the control ( P < 0.05 ). In conclusion, dietary inclusion of thyme oil (1 and 2%) effectively improved fish growth, immune systems, and resistance to A. hydrophila.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 61 ], a combination of chitosan nanoparticles and thymol significantly enhanced lipase and protease activities, and subsequent feed utilization. The inclusion of 4% thyme in the common carp diet modified digestive enzymes' activity in fish exposed to aflatoxin-B 1 [ 62 ]. Khalil et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Dietary Thyme Oil (Thymus vulgaris) Essential Oils for Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio): Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Antioxidant Defense, Tissue and Mucus Immune Parameters, and Resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila

Ghafarifarsani

Hoseinifar

Sheikhlar

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Nutrition

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“…Following a 24hour period without feeds to allow for gut clearing, fish were weighed once a week, and the amount of diet was modified in accordance with the weight. Diet formulation: According to the [13] recommendations for carp's nutritional requirements, experimental diets were produced. With the exception of the inclusion of 1.5 and 3% rosemary leaf powder for the second and third diets, all three experimental diets had the same composition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of rosemary enriched diet on physiological parameters in common carp Cyprinus carpio L reared in cages culture

Omar,

Abdulla,

Anwar

et al. 2024

JKAS

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The current study investigated at how rosemary leaf powder supplementation influenced the growth performance, carcass composition, hematological and biochemical parameters, stress hormones, and heat shock proteins of cage-reared common carp. Nine cylindrical cages of 0.2 m³ (radius = 25 cm, height = 100 cm) were randomly allocated to hold 54 juvenile common carp C. carpio (mean weight=18.18±0.08 g). Three groups of fish were fed a control diet (C) as well as diets containing 1.5% and 3% rosemary powder, respectively. The addition of 3% rosemary resulted in a substantial enhancement in growth parameters and feed consumption. The levels of WBC, Hb, MCHC, RBC, and Hct were significantly elevated by the addition of rosemary to experimental fish. A rosemary-supplemented diet resulted in higher levels of TG, urea, total protein, albumin, lipase, amylase, ferrum, and globulin. However, the addition of substantially reduced the levels of ALT cholesterol, creatinine, and glucose. The value of cortisol, T3, and T4 were considerably reduced with the addition of rosemary to diets of experimental fish. HSP70 and HSP90 levels in fish feed diets administered rosemary increased significantly as supplementation amount increased. According to the findings of this investigation, adding rosemary leaf powder, particularly at a concentration of 3%, in the diet improved growth parameters, hematological and biochemical parameters, and be able to reduce stress responses, thyroid hormone levels, and other stressors that fish exposed in cage culture system.

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“…In addition, some studies reported no effect of the administrated phytogenics upon mucosal parameters (68,69,80,82,83). Such discrepancies among studies evaluating a particular plant extracts may be due to the diversity of the referred studies in terms of experimental design, fish species selected, plant origin, supplemented form and inclusion level of phytogenetics, among others.…”

Section: Effect Of Dietary Terpene Phenolic Compounds Upon Fish Mucosal Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytogenic Bioactive Compounds Shape Fish Mucosal Immunity

et al. 2021

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Aquaculture growth will unavoidably involve the implementation of innovative and sustainable production strategies, being functional feeds among the most promising ones. A wide spectrum of phytogenics, particularly those containing terpenes and organosulfur compounds, are increasingly studied in aquafeeds, due to their growth promoting, antimicrobial, immunostimulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and sedative properties. This trend relies on the importance of the mucosal barrier in the fish defense. Establishing the phytogenics’ mode of action in mucosal tissues is of importance for further use and safe administration. Although the impact of phytogenics upon fish mucosal immunity has been extensively approached, most of the studies fail in addressing the mechanisms underlying their pharmacological effects. Unstandardized testing as an extended practice also questions the reproducibility and safety of such studies, limiting the use of phytogenics at commercial scale. The information presented herein provides insight on the fish mucosal immune responses to phytogenics, suggesting their mode of action, and ultimately encouraging the practice of reliable and reproducible research for novel feed additives for aquafeeds. For proper screening, characterization and optimization of their mode of action, we encourage the evaluation of purified compounds using in vitro systems before moving forward to in vivo trials. The formulation of additives with combinations of compounds previously characterized is recommended to avoid bacterial resistance. To improve the delivery of phytogenics and overcome limitations associated to compounds volatility and susceptibility to degradation, the use of encapsulation is advisable. Besides, newer approaches and dedicated methodologies are needed to elucidate the phytogenics pharmacokinetics and mode of action in depth.

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Aflatoxicosis in fingerling common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and protective effect of rosemary and thyme powder: Growth performance and digestive status

Cited by 21 publications

References 33 publications

The Effects of Dietary Thyme Oil (Thymus vulgaris) Essential Oils for Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio): Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Antioxidant Defense, Tissue and Mucus Immune Parameters, and Resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila

The Effects of Dietary Thyme Oil (Thymus vulgaris) Essential Oils for Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio): Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Antioxidant Defense, Tissue and Mucus Immune Parameters, and Resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila

Effects of rosemary enriched diet on physiological parameters in common carp Cyprinus carpio L reared in cages culture

Phytogenic Bioactive Compounds Shape Fish Mucosal Immunity

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