Aflatoxin adsorbent capacity of two Mexican aluminosilicates in experimentally contaminated chick diets

Marquez, Rene Neftali Marquez; Hernández, I.

doi:10.1080/02652039509374326

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Similarly, (33) reported a significant decrease in the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius when birds were exposed to diets having 2 ppm AF. Similar reduction in bursal relative weight and moderate histopathological changes have been reported in broilers (34), when birds were fed diets having various levels of AF (100 to 500 ppb).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Effect of Synertox® on broiler health and performance during aflatoxicosis

Shareef¹,

Ar²

2012

IJVS

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Eighty, one-day-old commercial male broiler chicks (Ross 308), were distributed to four dietary treatments with two replicates of 10 chicks each, to study the effect of Synertox ® on broiler performance during aflatoxicosis. Birds were reared for 42 days. All birds were fed on diet with or without aflatoxin (AF) in feed, and with or without Synertox (ST) (enzymes, organic acids and yeast extract) in water. The treatments were as follow: T1 (0 ppm AF and no ST); T2 (2.5 ppm AF and no ST); T3 (0 ppm AF and 0.5 ml/l ST); T4 (2.5 ppm AF and 0.5 ml/l ST). Body weights and feed intake were recorded weekly. At 42 of bird's age, five birds were randomly selected for estimation of antibody titres against Newcastle disease (ND; for calculation of the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen as well as for scoring liver and kidney lesions. The results show that the total body weight gain through 42 days of rearing period that the gain was highest in T3. In the second order was the weight of the control group (T1), while in the third order was T4. The worst body weight gain was reported in T2, in which chicks fed AF. The same picture in body weight gain was obtained with feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. AF had a significant negative effect on the liver parenchyma of broiler chicks in treatment 2, by changing liver colour from mahogany to enlarged muddy or even to yellowish discolouration, with friable consistency with sub capsular haemorrhages. The addition of Synertox® was effective in restoring the normal red brown liver colour. Kidney were also affected by feeding AF (T2). They were enlarged, swollen and pale in colour. All lymphoid organs tested, thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen were negatively affected by feeding AF in broilers at 42 days of age. Synertox® was effective in counteracting the negative effect of AF on relative bursal weight, thymus and spleen relative weights. Aflatoxin had detrimental negative effect on the ND ELISA mean antibody titre. A significant restoring of ND antibody titre to those of control group (T1) was recorded by addition of Synertox® to the drinking water of broilers in (T4) compared with the AF fed T2 group. From the studied parameters it could be concluded that Synertox® could be used in counteracting the negative effects of AF on health and performance of broiler chicks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Effect of Synertox® on broiler health and performance during aflatoxicosis

Shareef¹,

Ar²

2012

IJVS

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“…The proposed mechanism of action is through the adsorption of AFs (mainly onto the interlayer spaces of montmorillonite) in the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans, thus reducing toxin bioavailability to the blood and organs (Phillips, 1999). Bentonite clays, which are rich in montmorillonite, have been effectively used in dairy cows (Diaz et al, 2004; Harvey et al, 1991; Kutz et al, 2009), goats (Smith et al, 1994) and several other animal species (Harvey et al, 1994; Ledoux et al, 1999; Márquez and Hernandez, 1995; Phillips et al, 1990) to diminish the negative effects of AF exposure. Importantly, findings from a recent clinical intervention study showed that a montmorillonite rich Ca-bentonite (NovaSil-Plus, NS) was effective in reducing AF biomarkers in serum and urine with negligible nutrient interactions in humans naturally exposed to AFs via contaminated foods (Afriyie-Gyawu et al, 2008b; Wang et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and safety of uniform particle size NovaSil clay as a potential aflatoxin enterosorbent

Marroquín-Cardona

Deng

García-Mazcorro

et al. 2011

Applied Clay Science

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NovaSil (NS) clay, a common anti-caking agent in animal feeds, has been shown to adsorb aflatoxins and diminish their bioavailability in multiple animal models. The safety of long-term dietary exposure to NS has also been demonstrated in a 6-month sub-chronic study in rats and in a 3-month intervention in humans highly exposed to aflatoxins. Uniform particle size NovaSil (UPSN) is a refined material derived from parent NS; it contains lower levels of dioxins/furans, and has been selected for a more consistent uniform particle size. Nevertheless, the efficacy and potential safety/toxicity of UPSN for long term-use has not yet been determined. In this research, 4-week-old male and female Sprague Dawley rats were fed rations free of clay (control) and containing UPSN at low dose (0.25%) and high dose (2%) for 13 weeks. AFB1 sorption characteristics remained the same for both clays. When compared to the control, total body weight gain was unaffected in either sex at the doses tested. No UPSN-dependent differences in relative organ weights or gross appearance were observed. Isolated differences between UPSN groups and the control were observed for some biochemical parameters and selected vitamins and minerals. None of these differences were dose-dependent, and all parameters fell between ranges reported as normal for rats less than 6 month old. The Na/K ratio, Na and vitamin E concentrations were the only parameters that were increased in both males and females in the low dose and high dose UPSN groups. Serum Zn levels in males from the 2% UPSN treatment were lower compared to the control. Serum K levels were lower in the males of UPSN groups than in the control. However, neither Na/K ratio, K, nor Zn values were dose dependent and fell outside ranges reported as normal. These results suggest that dietary inclusion of UPSN at levels as high as 2% (w/w) does not result in overt toxicity. Nevertheless, further research on the effects of clays on Na, Zn, K and vitamin E is warranted.

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“…It was reported to sorb aflatoxin B 1 with high affinity and high capacity in aqueous solutions and was shown to rescue broiler and Leghorn chicks from the toxic effects of 7500 ppb aflatoxin in the diet (Phillips et al , 1988(Phillips et al , 2006. In subsequent studies, NS and other similar montmorillonite and smectite clays have been reported to protect against aflatoxin toxicity in a variety of young animals including rodents, chicks, turkey poults, ducklings, lambs, pigs, mink and trout (Phillips 1999;Phillips et al 1990Phillips et al , 1991Phillips et al , 1994Phillips et al , 1995Colvin et al 1989;Bonna et al 1991;Harvey et al 1991aHarvey et al , 1991bVoss et al 1993;Kubena et al 1990aKubena et al , 1990bKubena et al , 1991Kubena et al , 1993Ledoux et al 1999;Smith et al 1994;Marquez and Hernandez 1995;Cerdchai et al 1990;Lindemann et al 1993;Abdel-Wahhab et al 1998;Nahm 1995;Jayaprakash et al 1992;Ellis et al 2000). In studies using radiolabelled aflatoxins, NS clay has also been shown to decrease the bioavailability of aflatoxins and reduce aflatoxin residues in poultry (Davidson et al 1987;Jayaprakash et al 1992), rats Mayura et al 1998) and pigs (Beaver et al 1990).…”

Section: Chemopreventive Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing human exposure to aflatoxin through the use of clay: A review

Phillips

Afriyie-Gyawu

Williams

et al. 2008

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

187

117

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Innovative sorption strategies for the detoxification of aflatoxins have been developed. NovaSil clay (NS) has been shown to prevent aflatoxicosis in a variety of animals when included in their diet. Results have shown that NS clay binds aflatoxins with high affinity and high capacity in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in a notable reduction in the bioavailability of these toxins without interfering with the utilization of vitamins and other micronutrients. This strategy is being evaluated as a potential remedy for acute aflatoxicosis, and as a sustainable human intervention for aflatoxins via the diet. Phase I and II clinical trials confirmed the apparent safety of NS for further study in humans. A recent study in Ghanaians at high risk for aflatoxicosis has indicated that NS (at a dose level of 0.25%) is effective in decreasing biomarkers of aflatoxin exposure and does not interfere with the levels of serum vitamins A and E, and iron and zinc. In summary, enterosorption strategies/ therapies based on NS clay are promising for the management of aflatoxins and as a sustainable public health intervention. The NS clay remedy is novel, inexpensive and easily disseminated. Based on the present research, aflatoxin sequestering clays should be rigorously evaluated in vitro and in vivo, and should meet the following criteria: (1) favourable thermodynamic characteristics of mycotoxin sorption, (2) tolerable levels of priority metals, dioxins/furans and other hazardous contaminants, (3) safety and efficacy in multiple animal species, (4) safety and efficacy in long-term studies, and (5) negligible interactions with vitamins, iron and zinc and other micronutrients.

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Aflatoxin adsorbent capacity of two Mexican aluminosilicates in experimentally contaminated chick diets

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

Effect of Synertox® on broiler health and performance during aflatoxicosis

Effect of Synertox® on broiler health and performance during aflatoxicosis

Characterization and safety of uniform particle size NovaSil clay as a potential aflatoxin enterosorbent

Reducing human exposure to aflatoxin through the use of clay: A review

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