Aflatoxin deposition and clearance in the eggs of laying hens

Wolzak, A.; Pearson, A. M.; Coleman, T. H.; Pestka, James J.; Gray, J. I.

doi:10.1016/0278-6915(85)90052-3

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…On the other hand, in the 2.5 mg kg-' group on the second day no more residues were detectable. These results are similar to those by Trucksess et aZ(1983) and Wolzak et al(1985). In an isolated case, 0.32 pg kg-' of aflatoxicol was also detected in the 5 mg kg-' group of hens.…”

Section: Aflatoxin Clearance Timesupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The aflatoxin analysis of animal tissues has been done with thin-layer chromatography (TLC) using visual estimation (Jacobson and Wiseman 1974) or with densitometric quantification (Wolzak et al 1985(Wolzak et al , 1986, by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Micco et a1 1988, Beaver et a1 1990 and in recent years by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Adachi et a1 1991) and by a fluorotoxinometer method, the latter being used for detection of aflatoxins in tissues from naturally intoxicated birds (Kaur et a1 1991). The 407 lowest detection limits have been achieved with HPLC and TLC using fluorodensitometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aflatoxin and its metabolites in tissues from laying hens and broiler chickens fed a contaminated diet

et al. 1994

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Two groups of 32 hens and broiler chickens were contaminated with 2.5 and 5 mg of aflatoxin (AF) kg-' feed for a period of 32 days. During this contamination 16 birds were sacrificed and aflatoxin and its metabolites were detected using thin-layer chromatography and fluorescence densitometry. The tissues analysed (liver, muscle, kidney, gizzard and eggs) gave a wide range of concentrations, the lowest was found in hen muscle (0.05 pg kg-' of AFB,) and the highest in gizzards from the 5 mg kg-' group of the hens (9.01 pg kg-' of AFB,). Metabolites of AFB,, AFM, and AFB,, appeared in the liver but not in other tissues. In broiler's tissues, the following metabolities were isolated : AFM and AFB,, in liver, aflatoxicol in muscle and AFM, and AFB,, in kidneys, all having concentrations lower than AFB,. Aflatoxicol was isolated from one egg sample (0.32 pg kg-I). For both types of birds, aflatoxin clearance time was only 24 h for muscle and kidneys. In livers from the 5 mg kg-' group, AFM, and AFB,, were still found 4 days after removal of the contaminated feed. In eggs and gizzards, aflatoxin residue was still detected on the 8th day of the clearance period although in low quantities. In the broiler's gizzards, clearance time was only 24 h. These results suggest that aflatoxin transfer to edible tissues is very small and the danger of contaminations to humans is also very small, except in the case of gizzards.

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Section: Aflatoxin Clearance Timesupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin and its metabolites in tissues from laying hens and broiler chickens fed a contaminated diet

et al. 1994

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“…AFB 2 is converted to AFB 1 in the livers of both rats and ducks, and the rates of these reactions appear to correlate with the toxic potential of AFB 2 in these species (Wogan et al, 1971). AFM 1 is the toxic metabolite of AFB 1 , and AFM 2 is the hydroxylated form of AFB 2 (Wolzak et al, 1985;Bintvihok et al, 2003;Hussain et al, 2010, Bianco et al, 2012. AFM 1 and AFM 2 are commonly associated with milk and other edible animal products.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of feeding corn naturally contaminated with AFB<sub>1</sub> and AFB<sub>2</sub> on performance and aflatoxin residues in broilers

Yang¹,

Bai²,

Zhang³

et al. 2012

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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AFB 1 is the most abundant aflatoxin in food and animal feed, generally occurring along with low levels of other aflatoxins. In this experiment, broilers were administered corn that was naturally contaminated with AFB 1 and AFB 2 . We found that the broilers were more sensitive during the starter period and had a poor performance during the grower period. In addition, the broilers showed a significant reduction in feed intake when consuming material contaminated with 134.0 and 23.6 µg/kg of AFB 1 and AFB 2 , respectively. Our results also demonstrate that villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth significantly decreased when the broilers were fed daily with diets contaminated with AFB 1 and AFB 2 . Furthermore, AFB 1 residues in livers and breast muscles were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) at levels of 0.137 and 0.016 µg/kg, respectively. The AFM 1 residue was also detected in livers at a level of 0.051 µg/kg but it was not detectable in breast muscles. Keywords: mycotoxin; influence; poultry; HPLC-MS/MSMycotoxins are secondary toxic metabolites of filamentous fungi, which are harmful to human and animal health thus causing significant financial losses to animal industries (Hussein and Brasel, 2001;Wu and Munkvold, 2008;Zhang and Caupert, 2012). Aflatoxins (AF) naturally occur in moldy grains and are a group of metabolites produced by some strains of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. The primary aflatoxins of concern in feedstuffs are aflatoxins B 1 (AFB 1 ), B 2 (AFB 2 ), G 1 (AFG 1 ), and G 2 (AFG 2 ) (Monbaliu et al., 2010). The order of toxicity is AFB 1 > AFG 1 > AFB 2 > AFG 2 .The legal limits of AFB 1 and AFT in total for several agricultural products have been established by the European Union (2−12 μg/kg for AFB 1 , 4-15 μg/kg for aflatoxins total (B1 + G1 + B2 + G2), and 0.05 μg/kg for AFM 1 in milk), but the value of aflatoxins in other animal products was not recommended (European Commission, 2010). AFB 1 is transformed into toxic metabolites primarily in the liver, and the metabolite of AFB 1 -8, 9-expoxide can form covalent bonds with DNA, RNA, and proteins, resulting in a potent carcinogenic effect (Swenson et al., 1977;Nomura et al.,

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“…In hen, the transfer ratios are 1: 1103 for edible organs (gizzard, kidneys and liver) and 1: 33,100 for breast muscle (Wolzak et al 1986). The carryover into eggs occurs at obviously high ratio of 1:6633 (Wolzak et al 1985). The corresponding ratio of AFB 1 in feeds to residual levels in egg yolk and albumen were shown to be 1:4615 and 1:3846, respectively, in chicken hen (Bintvihok et al 2002).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 90%