Aflatoxin, Hepatitis and Worldwide Liver Cancer Risks

Henry, Sara; Bosch, F. Xavier; Bowers, Jeremiah

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0629-4_24

Cited by 112 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Por outro lado, a ocorrência de carcinoma hepatocelular devido à exposição crônica das aflatoxinas tem sido bem documentada, geralmente com uma maior ocorrência em áreas onde a infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B é endêmica ou em associação com fatores de risco (QIAN et al, 1994;WANG et al, 2001;CHEN et al, 2001;HENRY et al, 2002).…”

Section: Aflatoxinasunclassified

Fungos e aflatoxinas no arroz: ocorrência e significado na saúde do consumidor

Katsurayama

Taniwaki

2017

Braz. J. Food Technol.

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Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado. Fungos e aflatoxinas no arroz: ocorrência e significado na saúde do consumidorFungi and aflatoxins in rice: occurrence and significance to consumer health ResumoO arroz é um dos cereais mais consumidos no Brasil e no mundo. Devido ao grande impacto do consumo de arroz na população, estudos sobre a qualidade deste produto são de grande importância. É um ótimo substrato para a produção de micotoxinas e, quando os fungos toxigênicos encontram condições de crescer e produzir toxinas, estes as produzem em grandes quantidades. Embora não seja comum a presença de micotoxinas, existem alguns relatos sobre a ocorrência de aflatoxinas e fungos aflatoxigênicos no arroz. O presente artigo é uma revisão sobre os aspectos gerais do arroz, sua produção, ocorrência de fungos, aflatoxinas e micotoxinas no Brasil e no mundo, bem como sobre a redução de aflatoxinas durante o processamento do arroz. Palavras-chave: Arroz; Produção; Aflatoxinas; Fungos; Micotoxinas. AbstractRice is one of the cereals most consumed in Brazil and in the world. Due to the significant impact of rice consumption on the population, studies regarding its quality are of great importance. It is an excellent substrate for fungal growth and mycotoxin production, so when toxigenic fungi find conditions to grow and produce toxins, they produce large quantities. Although the presence of mycotoxins is not common in rice, some previous reports have shown the presence of aflatoxins and aflatoxigenic fungi in rice. Thus the present article is a review concerning the general aspects of rice, its production, and the occurrence of fungi, aflatoxins and other mycotoxins in Brazil and in the world, and also the reduction of aflatoxin during rice processing. Food Technol., v. 20, e2017006, 2017. Received: Jan. 27, 2017 Accepted: Apr. 12, 2017 1 Introdução O arroz é um dos cereais mais consumidos e faz parte da dieta de milhões de pessoas. A garantia de qualidade e sanidade do arroz é de máxima importância, porque qualquer contaminante presente poderá afetar a saúde do consumidor, principalmente nos países como o Brasil, onde o arroz faz parte da dieta diária. KeywordsUm fator preocupante do arroz é que este cereal é um ótimo substrato para a produção de micotoxinas e os fungos as produzem em grandes quantidades (KJER et al., 2010). As micotoxinas que já foram encontradas nas amostras de arroz são: citrinina, luteosquirina, cicloclorotina, islanditoxina, rugulosina, ocratoxina A, aflatoxinas, desoxinivalenol, fumonisinas e zearalenona, entre outras (FREDLUND et al., 2009;AYDIN et al., 2011;ALMEIDA et al., 2012). Na presente revisão, serão tratados os aspectos gerais do arroz, sua produção, ocorrência de fungos, aflatoxinas e micotoxinas no Brasil e no mundo, bem como a redução de aflatoxinas durante o processamento do arroz. Aspectos gera...

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Section: Aflatoxinasunclassified

Fungos e aflatoxinas no arroz: ocorrência e significado na saúde do consumidor

Katsurayama

Taniwaki

2017

Braz. J. Food Technol.

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“…Aflatoxins are naturally occurring secondary metabolites of food-borne fungi that are common contaminants present in stored grains in the subtropical regions of the world (199). Aflatoxin contamination contributes to about 28% of HCC worldwide.…”

Section: Aspergillus and The Hepatitis Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Infections and Cancer: Implications in Epidemiology

Vedham

Divi

Starks

et al. 2014

Technol Cancer Res Treat

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Approximately 18% of the global cancer burden has been attributed to infectious agents, with estimates ranging from 7% in developed countries to about 22% in developing countries.Chronic infections caused by the hepatitis B and C viruses, human papilloma viruses (HPV), and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are reported to be responsible for approximately 15% of all human cancers. Interestingly, although many of the infectious agents that have been associated with cancer-such as HPV, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and H. pylori-are highly prevalent in the world, most infected individuals do not develop cancer but remain lifelong carriers. Malignancies associated with infectious agents may result from prolonged latency as a result of chronic infections. Pathogenic infections are necessary but are not sufficient for cancer initiation or progression. Cancer initiation may require additional cofactors, including secondary infections. Therefore, in patients with chronic infection with one agent, secondary co-infection with another agent may serve as an important co-factor that may cause cancer initiation and progression. Additionally, opportunistic co-infections could significantly inhibit response to cancer treatment and increase cancer mortality. Co-infections are relatively common in areas with a high prevalence of infectious agents, especially in developing countries. These co-infections can cause an imbalance in the host immune system by affecting persistence of and susceptibility to malignant infections. Several articles have been published that focus on infectious agents and cancer. In this article, we discuss the role of infectious agents in malignancies, highlight the role of multiple/co-infections in cancer etiology, and review implications for cancer epidemiology.

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“…This is connected mainly with the regular food inspections being performed in order to detect aflatoxins, which in poorer countries, where food deficiency is present, are very rare or are not carried out at all. The high consumption of aflatoxins with food contributes to the development of primary liver cancer 2 to 5 times more often than in the developed countries [3]. Dogs are particularly sensitive to aflatoxins, as even relatively low doses of these mycotoxins in feed (0.5-1 mg per 1 kg b.m.)…”

Section: Aflatoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The characteristics of the chosen mycotoxins and their toxic influence on the human and animal metabolism

Lazicka¹,

Orzechowski

2010

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Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of fungi belonging mainly to the Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium genera. They can be formed in various agricultural produce in specific conditions. These natural and zootoxic chemical compounds cause an array of diseases in people and animals, i.e., mycotoxicoses. Depending on the type and dose, mycotoxins may cause liver, kidney, and lung cancers, as well as damage to the immune system, pathological changes in the nervous system, and reproduction disorders. Many mycotoxins disrupt digestion process, cause vomiting, nausea, anorexia, skin irritation and dermatitis, and even haemorrhages. A significant threat to the health of animals and people can be observed in the case of major infestation of crop ears from which foodstuff or feed are then produced. The ear infestation is facilitated by a suitable humidity and temperature during the growing season or while harvesting and storing the agricultural produce, which enhances the growth of mycotoxin-producing fungi. Suitable agricultural treatment, crop rotation, proper storing of crops in the conditions of limited humidity after the harvest as well as regular chemical analyses of the content of mycotoxins minimize their consumption and, accordingly, decrease the threat caused by these substances to the human and animal health.

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Aflatoxin, Hepatitis and Worldwide Liver Cancer Risks

Cited by 112 publications

References 11 publications

Fungos e aflatoxinas no arroz: ocorrência e significado na saúde do consumidor

Fungos e aflatoxinas no arroz: ocorrência e significado na saúde do consumidor

Multiple Infections and Cancer: Implications in Epidemiology

The characteristics of the chosen mycotoxins and their toxic influence on the human and animal metabolism

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