Aflatoxin in respirable corn dust particles

Sorenson, W. G.; Simpson, Janet P.; Peach, Michael J.; Thedell, Terry D.; Olenchock, S. A.

doi:10.1080/15287398109530009

Cited by 87 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Aflatoxin can be aerosolized and has been detected in air near farm sources (49,395,399). Inhaled aflatoxin causes tracheobronchial cell destruction in hamsters and guinea pigs (157); rats receiving intratracheal doses develop cancer of the liver, intestines, and kidneys (301).…”

Section: Vol 16 2003 Toxigenic Effects Of Stachybotrys In Indoor Aimentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Mold, Toxigenic Fungi, andStachybotrys chartarum: Infectious Disease Perspective

2003

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Damp buildings often have a moldy smell or obvious mold growth; some molds are human pathogens. This has caused concern regarding health effects of moldy indoor environments and has resulted in many studies of moisture- and mold-damaged buildings. Recently, there have been reports of severe illness as a result of indoor mold exposure, particularly due to Stachybotrys chartarum. While many authors describe a direct relationship between fungal contamination and illness, close examination of the literature reveals a confusing picture. Here, we review the evidence regarding indoor mold exposure and mycotoxicosis, with an emphasis on S. chartarum. We also examine possible end-organ effects, including pulmonary, immunologic, neurologic, and oncologic disorders. We discuss the Cleveland infant idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage reports in detail, since they provided important impetus for concerns about Stachybotrys. Some valid concerns exist regarding the relationship between indoor mold exposure and human disease. Review of the literature reveals certain fungus-disease associations in humans, including ergotism (Claviceps species), alimentary toxic aleukia (Fusarium), and liver disease (Aspergillys). While many papers suggest a similar relationship between Stachybotrys and human disease, the studies nearly uniformly suffer from significant methodological flaws, making their findings inconclusive. As a result, we have not found well-substantiated supportive evidence of serious illness due to Stachybotrys exposure in the contemporary environment. To address issues of indoor mold-related illness, there is an urgent need for studies using objective markers of illness, relevant animal models, proper epidemiologic techniques, and examination of confounding factors

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Section: Vol 16 2003 Toxigenic Effects Of Stachybotrys In Indoor Aimentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Mold, Toxigenic Fungi, andStachybotrys chartarum: Infectious Disease Perspective

2003

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“…Mycotoxins are fungal metabolites. Contamination of various grain products with mycotoxins has been well documented (3)(4)(5), and recently aflatoxin has been shown to occur in the respiratory fraction of airborne corn dust (6,7). More recently, Hayes et al (8) demonstrated that mortality for total cancer and respiratory cancer in aflatoxin-exposed peanut oil press workers in the Netherlands was higher than expected based on standardized mortality ratio (SMR) analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of mycotoxins for the rat pulmonary macrophage in vitro.

Sorenson¹,

Gerberick²,

Lewis³

et al. 1986

Environ Health Perspect

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The presence of mycotoxins in grains is well documented. Workers in grain handling occupations are commonly exposed to grain dust aerosols. Work in our laboratory has shown that T-2 toxin is highly toxic to rat alveolar macrophages in vitro, causing loss of viability, release of radiolabeled chromium, inhibition of macromolecular synthesis, inhibition of phagocytosis, and inhibition of macrophage activation. Similarly, patulin caused a significant release of radiolabeled chromium, decrease in ATP levels, significant inhibition of protein and RNA synthesis, and inhibition of phagocytosis. The data show that both T-2 toxin and patulin are highly toxic to rat alveolar macrophages in vitro. The data further suggest that the presence of these mycotoxins in airborne respirable dust might present a hazard to exposed workers.

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“…Some types of grain processing may generate dusts potentially containing aflatoxins. For example, studies have found that substantial amounts of dust are generated during the processing and handling of corn, and a number have evaluated aflatoxin in dust from grain elevators, terminals, and corn dumping stations [Burg et al 1981;Sorenson et al 1981]. Studies have shown that the amount of aflatoxin in grain does not correlate with the amount in air [Selim et al 1998].…”

Section: Particles/organic Dust/moldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of health concerns at a pet food manufacturing facility - Missouri.

2014

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Aflatoxin in respirable corn dust particles

Cited by 87 publications

References 4 publications

Indoor Mold, Toxigenic Fungi, andStachybotrys chartarum: Infectious Disease Perspective

Indoor Mold, Toxigenic Fungi, andStachybotrys chartarum: Infectious Disease Perspective

Toxicity of mycotoxins for the rat pulmonary macrophage in vitro.

Evaluation of health concerns at a pet food manufacturing facility - Missouri.

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