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Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 & G2 were administered in a low concentration (100 ppb of each aflatoxin (AN] in a mash offered to Baladi rabbits. An other group of rabbits were fed on the same contaminated mash in addition to 0.25% charcoal (CC). The two groups were compared to control animals fed on AN-free mash. Inclusion of AN in the diet decreased feed and water consumption, body weight and survival rate. Charcoal improved somewhat feed and water consumption and growth rate than AN-group. However, CC-group affected digestibility of organic matter more than AN-group. Relative weights of liver, kidneys, heart and adrenal glands were significantly higher in AN and CC groups than the control group. Blood haemoglobin content, packed cell volume percentage and sedimentation rate were lower in AN group. Although there were an increase in each of serum, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, cholesterol, phospholipids and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in AN group, yet the serum nitrogen and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase were reduced. Charcoal had alleviated AN-effects concerning N, GPT and phospholipids. Chemical analysis revealed elevation of water, ash and silica contents of liver and water content of muscles from AN-animals. On the other hand, fat content, GOT and vitamin A in the liver as well as muscles ash were reduced. Addition of CC to the diet reduced AN-effects on liver fat, ash and silica but resulted in a rise of the water content of liver and muscles and liver GPT activity. Charcoal also resulted in a sharp decrease in vitamin A content of the liver. Aflatoxin treatments (in AN and CC groups) reduced bone ash, silica and magnesium as well as bone volume. Charcoal administration increased Ca-content of bones. Aflatoxin feeding (in AN group) resulted in a high residual percentage of AN in muscles, serum, liver, heart and kidneys with relationships of 51 :24 : 3 :2 : 1, respectively. Only 1.42% of the fed AN was excreted in the faeces. Charcoal usage had a good effect as it prevented AN to accumulate in the organs. Aflatoxin contaminated diets (in AN and CC groups) resulted in paralysis, disorder of fat deposition, discolouration and haemorrhages of some organs. Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed no ill effect on the surface structure of the small intestine due to either AN or AN + CC. Pathological examination showed that the main affected organs were liver, heart and spleen, respectively. The changes include hepatic round cell infiltration, irregularities of lobular plats, focal necrosis and periportal fibrosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 & G2 were administered in a low concentration (100 ppb of each aflatoxin (AN] in a mash offered to Baladi rabbits. An other group of rabbits were fed on the same contaminated mash in addition to 0.25% charcoal (CC). The two groups were compared to control animals fed on AN-free mash. Inclusion of AN in the diet decreased feed and water consumption, body weight and survival rate. Charcoal improved somewhat feed and water consumption and growth rate than AN-group. However, CC-group affected digestibility of organic matter more than AN-group. Relative weights of liver, kidneys, heart and adrenal glands were significantly higher in AN and CC groups than the control group. Blood haemoglobin content, packed cell volume percentage and sedimentation rate were lower in AN group. Although there were an increase in each of serum, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, cholesterol, phospholipids and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in AN group, yet the serum nitrogen and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase were reduced. Charcoal had alleviated AN-effects concerning N, GPT and phospholipids. Chemical analysis revealed elevation of water, ash and silica contents of liver and water content of muscles from AN-animals. On the other hand, fat content, GOT and vitamin A in the liver as well as muscles ash were reduced. Addition of CC to the diet reduced AN-effects on liver fat, ash and silica but resulted in a rise of the water content of liver and muscles and liver GPT activity. Charcoal also resulted in a sharp decrease in vitamin A content of the liver. Aflatoxin treatments (in AN and CC groups) reduced bone ash, silica and magnesium as well as bone volume. Charcoal administration increased Ca-content of bones. Aflatoxin feeding (in AN group) resulted in a high residual percentage of AN in muscles, serum, liver, heart and kidneys with relationships of 51 :24 : 3 :2 : 1, respectively. Only 1.42% of the fed AN was excreted in the faeces. Charcoal usage had a good effect as it prevented AN to accumulate in the organs. Aflatoxin contaminated diets (in AN and CC groups) resulted in paralysis, disorder of fat deposition, discolouration and haemorrhages of some organs. Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed no ill effect on the surface structure of the small intestine due to either AN or AN + CC. Pathological examination showed that the main affected organs were liver, heart and spleen, respectively. The changes include hepatic round cell infiltration, irregularities of lobular plats, focal necrosis and periportal fibrosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Due to diversified agricultural activities in Al Khalidiah Farm, SA (2500 hectares), more than 7000 ton/year of different agricultural residues (AGR) are produced annually. The study consisted of two trials; the first one aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and nutritive value of some selected AGR to be used as animal feeds and to evaluate the effect of dehydration treatments on their chemical and microbiological analysis. The second trial was conducted to investigate the impact of feeding combinations of five feed ingredients made from the tested agriculture residues on the performance of fattened sheep lambs. During the first trial, seven types of AGR (one ton each) were collected namely: 1-Landscape mowing grasses (LMG), 2-Mixed ornamental plants residues (MOPR) , 3-Olive trees pruning (OTP), 4-Citrus tree pruning (CTP), 5-Date trees pruning(DTP), 6-Horse stable grasses residues (HSGR) and 7-Green houses by-products (GHBP). These AGR were air-dried, ground and tested for preliminary chemical composition and nutritive value. Five tons from each of new AGR materials were air -dried, ground then heated in a drying drum at 90°C for 15 minutes. Five samples were taken, randomly, from each air-dried material and after being heated to evaluate the impact of heating on the chemical analyses and microbiological parameters of the tested materials. During the second trial, five rations from the tested AGR ingredients were formulated and offered to fifty weaned lambs (2 month-old and averaged 17.0 ± 0.73 Kg body weight) divided randomly in five groups (10 lambs each) in a group feeding system for a 9-week fattening period. The rations were offered ad libitum and consisted of: 1-LMG, 2-MOPR, 3-HSGR, 4-A mixture of olive tree pruning mixed with orange fruits by-products (OTPOF) for the four groups: R1, R2, R3, R4, respectively while the control group (R5) was offered Alfalfa hay. All groups were offered the Concentrate Feed Mixtures (CFM) at 60% of the total ration while roughages were offered at 40%. Animals were weighed at the beginning of the experiment and biweekly. Feeding allowances were adjusted biweekly according to body weight changes. Voluntary feed intake, feed conversion and feeding costs were determined. Representative samples of the feed ingredients were tested for chemical, pathogens and microbiological analysis.Results of the first trial indicated that all AGR feed ingredients appeared to be nutritious since they contained enough concentration of nutrients to cover animal nutritional requirements. Crude protein content varied among the feed ingredients and ranged from 6.53% (CTP) to 19.77% (LMG). Heating treatment, generally, did not affect (P>0.05) all nutrients concentration nor microbiological parameters of all tested feed ingredients. Results of the second trial showed that animals fed R2 followed by R1 recorded the highest average daily gain of 283 and 280 g/day, respectively as a reflection of their high feed intakes. Feed costs of rations R1 and R2 were comparable and showed the lowest...
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