The Stress Responses Involved in General Anaesthesia in Cattle

Brearley, J.C.; Dobson, H.; Jones, R. S.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.1992.tb00080.x

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In practice, the α2-adrenergic agonist xylazine is widely used as a sedative in wild, production, and domestic animals due to its convenient way of application and cost-effectiveness (Greene and Thurmon, 1988). Earlier studies have shown blood cortisol decreasing effect for xylazine, indicating it decreases the stress response and thereby exerts a positive effect on animal welfare (Brearley et al, 1992;Sanhouri et al, 1992;Cattet et al, 2004;Rizk et al, 2012a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedation With Xylazine Hydrochloride Decreases the Stress Response in Merino Meat Sheep During Routine Hoof Trimming in a Tilt Table

et al. 2022

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We hypothesized that the hoof trimming in sheep in dorsal recumbency implicates a short but intensive stress situation and that the sedation with xylazine causes a decrease in the stress response in this situation. Ten healthy female merino meat sheep were randomly divided into two groups receiving either xylazine hydrochloride (0.1 mg/kg body mass (BM) applied intramuscularly) or a placebo treatment with 0.9% NaCl. Routine hoof trimming was performed in a tilt table and vital signs (rectal temperature (RT), heart rate (HR), and respiratory rate (RR)), 33 different behavioral traits and blood cortisol concentrations were recorded throughout the experiment at six different time points (total of 55 min). The procedure itself elicited a clear stress response (increase in the RR, RT, defensive movements, lip twitching, swallowing, and flight behavior). Parallelly, the blood cortisol concentrations were increased, reaching their maximum with 81.5 ng/ml in the control group when the sheep were tilted back into a standing position. In the sedated sheep, no increase in the RR and RT and a decrease in the HR were observed. In addition, the behavioral signs showed a decrease in flight, defensive, and general stress behavior (decrease in licking, movement of head and legs, and sitting on knees), complemented by the serum cortisol concentrations showing 2.28 times reduced concentration at the end of the procedure, compared to the control sheep. The results confirm our hypothesis and support the conduction of future trials investigating the feasibility and benefit of a sedation of sheep prior to routine hoof trimming under practical circumstances.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedation With Xylazine Hydrochloride Decreases the Stress Response in Merino Meat Sheep During Routine Hoof Trimming in a Tilt Table

et al. 2022

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“…While the stress response to surgery and the extent to which anaesthetic techniques can modify it is well documented in humans, the stress response to anaesthesia (and the activities involved with anaesthesia such as transport, restraint and recovery) is poorly described [ 31 ]. The stress response to anaesthesia in cattle has been described with reference to changes in the pulse rate, respiratory rate, plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations, total plasma protein concentration, and haematocrit [ 32 ]. The anaesthetic regime in that study was based on xylazine or acepromazine for premedication prior to the administration of thiopentone, and it was concluded that anaesthesia was associated with an increase in pulse rate and haematocrit, and that recovery from anaesthesia was the most stressful period of short-term general anaesthesia [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stress response to anaesthesia in cattle has been described with reference to changes in the pulse rate, respiratory rate, plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations, total plasma protein concentration, and haematocrit [ 32 ]. The anaesthetic regime in that study was based on xylazine or acepromazine for premedication prior to the administration of thiopentone, and it was concluded that anaesthesia was associated with an increase in pulse rate and haematocrit, and that recovery from anaesthesia was the most stressful period of short-term general anaesthesia [ 32 ]. The results of the current study cannot be compared, especially for the NC group, to that of Brearley et al (1992) because of the entirely different anaesthetic drug regime and context [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The anaesthetic regime in that study was based on xylazine or acepromazine for premedication prior to the administration of thiopentone, and it was concluded that anaesthesia was associated with an increase in pulse rate and haematocrit, and that recovery from anaesthesia was the most stressful period of short-term general anaesthesia [ 32 ]. The results of the current study cannot be compared, especially for the NC group, to that of Brearley et al (1992) because of the entirely different anaesthetic drug regime and context [ 32 ]. Nevertheless, it is acknowledged that anaesthesia by any means will stimulate a stress response of some magnitude.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Objective Measures for the Assessment of Post-Operative Pain in Bos indicus Bull Calves Following Castration

Musk

Jacobsen

Hyndman

et al. 2017

Animals

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Simple SummarySurgical castration of cattle is a common husbandry procedure, and although this procedure is known to cause pain in cattle and other species, in some countries it is often performed without anaesthesia or analgesia. Society is increasingly aware of this animal welfare issue and it is creating pressure to drive research into animal welfare science with the aim of identifying practical and economical approaches to pain management in livestock. To effectively manage pain, a pain assessment must be performed. Pain assessment methods are often subjective and therefore influenced by the observer. Ideally, objective assessments that generate consistent and repeatable results between observers should be identified. Bos indicus bull calves were divided into four groups: no castration (NC, n = 6); castration with pre-operative local anaesthetic (CL n = 12); castration with pre-operative anti-inflammatory medication (CM, n = 12); and, castration without pain relief (C, n = 12). A range of objective assessments was performed: bodyweight measurements, activity, and rest levels, and four different compounds in the blood. The results of this study suggest that animals rest for longer periods after the pre-operative administration of anti-inflammatory medication. The other objective assessments measured in this study were not able to consistently differentiate between treatment groups. These findings emphasise the need for alternative quantifiable and objective indicators of pain in Bos indicus bull calves.AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess pain in Bos indicus bull calves following surgical castration. Forty-two animals were randomised to four groups: no castration (NC, n = 6); castration with pre-operative lidocaine (CL, n = 12); castration with pre-operative meloxicam (CM, n = 12); and, castration alone (C, n = 12). Bodyweight was measured regularly and pedometers provided data on activity and rest from day −7 (7 days prior to surgery) to 13. Blood was collected for the measurement of serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, fibrinogen, and iron on days 0, 3 and 6. Bodyweight and pedometry data were analysed with a mixed effect model. The blood results were analysed with repeated measure one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). There was no treatment effect on bodyweight or activity. The duration of rest was greatest in the CM group and lowest in the C group. There was a significant increase in the concentrations of SAA, haptoglobin, and fibrinogen in all of the groups from day 0 to 3. Iron concentrations were not different at the time points it was measured. The results of this study suggest that animals rest for longer periods after the pre-operative administration of meloxicam. The other objective assessments measured in this study were not able to consistently differentiate between treatment groups.

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General Anesthetic Techniques in Ruminants

Carroll

Hartsfield

1996

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice

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The Stress Responses Involved in General Anaesthesia in Cattle

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Sedation With Xylazine Hydrochloride Decreases the Stress Response in Merino Meat Sheep During Routine Hoof Trimming in a Tilt Table

Sedation With Xylazine Hydrochloride Decreases the Stress Response in Merino Meat Sheep During Routine Hoof Trimming in a Tilt Table

Objective Measures for the Assessment of Post-Operative Pain in Bos indicus Bull Calves Following Castration

General Anesthetic Techniques in Ruminants

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