Aflatoxin M1 contamination in winter and summer milk in 14 states in Iran

Aflatoxin in Agricultural Commodities and Herbal Medicine

“…Seasonal variation in aflatoxin contamination may vary based on the feed type, processing and storage conditions. For example, demonstrated that the aflatoxin contamination was higher in winter (Tajkarimi, Aliabadi-Sh, et al, 2008;Tajkarimi, Faghih, et al, 2008). Higher rate for contamination during winter has also been indicated by SugitaKonishi et al (2008), in corn samples (Sugita-Konishi, Sugiyama, & Hiraokai, 2008).…”

“…Trucksess and Scott (2008) found that 30% of the ginseng products purchased in USA were contaminated with AFB1 at levels of about 0.1 µg/kg (Trucksess & Scott, 2008). In an aflatoxin survey done in Turkey, 17.1% and 23.1% of unpacked and packed ground red peppers respectively, were contaminated with total aflatoxins and aflatoxin B 1 , with one out of the 82 samples over the legal limit (Set & Erkmen, 2010 (Tajkarimi, Aliabadi-Sh, et al, 2008;Tajkarimi, et al, 2007). Sixty two percent of the samples in North Western Iranian state were contaminated with values higher than 50 ng/l of aflatoxin M1 (Ghazani, 2009).…”

A Survey on Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk of Fariman City, Khorasan Province, Iran

“…Many authors showed that AFM1 concentrations were affected by the seasonal effect. They reported higher level of AFM1 in cold seasons compared to hot seasons (12,(22)(23)(24). The reason is that in winters milking animals are usually fed with compound feeds and thus concentration of AFB1 increases, which in turn increases AFM1 concentration in milk.…”

A Review of Aflatoxin M1, Milk, and Milk Products

“…Data from the studies on the occurrence of AFM 1 in milk since the 1990s are reported in ( Many authors showed that Seasonal effect influences concentration of aflatoxin M 1 . They reported higher concentration of AFM 1 in cold seasons as compared to hot seasons Blanco et al, 1988b;Hussain and Anwar, 2008;Tajkarimi et al 2008;Fallah, 2010, Bilandzic et al, 2010, the reason being in winters mostly milking animals are fed with compound feeds and thus concentration of aflatoxin B1 increases which in turn enhances AFM 1 concentration in milk. Moreover, temperature and moisture contents also affect the presence of aflatoxin B 1 in feeds.…”