AFM detects the effects of acidic condition on the size and biomechanical properties of native/oxidized low-density lipoprotein

Wang, Kun; Gan, Chaoye; Wang, Huaying; Ao, Meiying; Fan, Youlong; Chen, Yong

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112053

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Moreover, cells are prefer to engulfing stiff nanoparticles which can easily achieve full wrapping ( 131 ). The size and stiffness of LDL also will decrease in acidic condition or oxidation which suggests cells may hard to engulf LDL particles ( 139 , 140 ). Therefore, it is important to identify novel mechanosensitive pathways and dynamic processes of endocytosis in arteries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics-mediated endocytosis in atherosclerosis

Wang,

Xu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Biomechanical forces, including vascular shear stress, cyclic stretching, and extracellular matrix stiffness, which influence mechanosensitive channels in the plasma membrane, determine cell function in atherosclerosis. Being highly associated with the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, endocytosis is the key point in molecule and macromolecule trafficking, which plays an important role in lipid transportation. The process of endocytosis relies on the mobility and tension of the plasma membrane, which is sensitive to biomechanical forces. Several studies have advanced the signal transduction between endocytosis and biomechanics to elaborate the developmental role of atherosclerosis. Meanwhile, increased plaque growth also results in changes in the structure, composition and morphology of the coronary artery that contribute to the alteration of arterial biomechanics. These cross-links of biomechanics and endocytosis in atherosclerotic plaques play an important role in cell function, such as cell phenotype switching, foam cell formation, and lipoprotein transportation. We propose that biomechanical force activates the endocytosis of vascular cells and plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics-mediated endocytosis in atherosclerosis

Wang,

Xu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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“…Specifically, at low pH (pH 4), LDL binding was higher compared to high pH (pH 7). Interestingly, Wang et al [54] recently showed that acidification influences LDL particles by altering their size and cholesterol content. Under normal physiological conditions (pH 7.4), LDL particles are larger and contain more cholesterol while at pH 4, LDL particle size becomes smaller.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel assay to measure low-density lipoproteins binding to proteoglycans

Geh,

Swertfeger,

Sexmith

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background The binding of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to proteoglycans (PGs) in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the arterial intima is a key initial step in the development of atherosclerosis. Although many techniques have been developed to assess this binding, most of the methods are labor-intensive and technically challenging to standardize across research laboratories. Thus, sensitive, and reproducible assay to detect LDL binding to PGs is needed to screen clinical populations for atherosclerosis risk. Objectives The aim of this study was to develop a quantitative, and reproducible assay to evaluate the affinity of LDL towards PGs and to replicate previously published results on LDL-PG binding. Methods Immunofluorescence microscopy was performed to visualize the binding of LDL to PGs using mouse vascular smooth muscle (MOVAS) cells. An in-cell ELISA (ICE) was also developed and optimized to quantitatively measure LDL-PG binding using fixed MOVAS cells cultured in a 96-well format. Results We used the ICE assay to show that, despite equal APOB concentrations, LDL isolated from adults with cardiovascular disease bound to PG to a greater extent than LDL isolated from adults without cardiovascular disease (p<0.05). Conclusion We have developed an LDL-PG binding assay that is capable of detecting differences in PG binding affinities despite equal APOB concentrations. Future work will focus on candidate apolipoproteins that enhance or diminish this interaction.

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“…Previous studies on native and oxidized LDL reported smaller particles and a reduced Young's modulus under acidic conditions compared to neutral environment (Wang et al, 2020(Wang et al, , 2021. The oxidized form of LDL (oxLDL) is a known risk factor in atherosclerosis.…”

Section:  Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipoprotein particles exhibit distinct mechanical properties

Piontek

Roos

2022

J of Extracellular Bio

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Lipoproteins (LPs) are micelle-like structures with a similar size to extracellular vesicles (EVs) and are therefore often co-isolated, as intensively discussed within the EV community. LPs from human blood plasma are of particular interest as they are responsible for the deposition of cholesterol ester and other fats in the artery, causing lesions, and eventually atherosclerosis. Plasma lipoproteins can be divided according to their size, density and composition into chylomicrons (CM), very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Here, we use atomic force microscopy for mechanical characterization of LPs. We show that the nanoindentation approach used for EV analysis can also be used to characterize LPs, revealing specific differences between some of the particles. Comparing LPs with each other, LDL exhibit a higher bending modulus as compared to CM and VLDL, which is likely related to differences in cholesterol and apolipoproteins. Furthermore, CM typically collapse on the surface after indentation and HDL exhibit a very low height after surface adhesion both being indications for the presence of LPs in an EV sample. Our analysis provides new systematic insights into the mechanical characteristics of LPs. K E Y WO R D S atomic force microscopy (AFM), chylomicrons (CM), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), lipoproteins (LPs), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), mechanical properties, very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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AFM detects the effects of acidic condition on the size and biomechanical properties of native/oxidized low-density lipoprotein

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Biomechanics-mediated endocytosis in atherosclerosis

Biomechanics-mediated endocytosis in atherosclerosis

A novel assay to measure low-density lipoproteins binding to proteoglycans

Lipoprotein particles exhibit distinct mechanical properties

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