African American Couples in Rural Contexts

Cutrona, Carolyn E.; Clavél, Frederick D.; Johnson, Melissa A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20976-0_8

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In the current investigation we test the proposition that perceived experiences of racial discrimination will be linked to depression and sleep disturbance concurrently and over time. The sample is drawn from rural counties in the Southeastern U.S. where poverty rates are elevated, unemployment rates are above the national average (Carl Vinson Institute of Government, 2003; Probst et al, 2002), and entrenched oppressive social structures lead to frequent experiences of discrimination (Cutrona, Clavél, & Johnson, 2016; Tickamyer & Duncan, 1990; Williams, Neighbors, & Jackson, 2003). Together, these factors create a context in which experiences of discrimination are likely to convey threat and intimidation.…”

Section: Racial Discrimination: a Substantial Psychosocial Stressor F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial discrimination, depressive symptoms, and sleep problems among Blacks in the rural South.

Hart¹,

Lavner²,

Carter³

et al. 2021

Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology

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Objectives: Experiences of racial discrimination are common for Black Americans and have been associated with depression and sleep disturbance, factors likely involved in the insidious development of health disparities. The current study replicates these associations and examines longitudinal linkages. Method: Black American couples (men: N = 248, Mage = 40, SD = 9; women: N = 277, Mage = 37, SD = 7) and their children, aged 9 to 14 (N = 276, Mage = 11, SD = 1), completed measures of experiences of racial discrimination, depressive symptoms, and sleep problems at baseline and 8-month follow-up. In separate analyses for men, women, and youth, we examined concurrent and prospective associations of racial discrimination with depressive symptoms and sleep problems, then used longitudinal indirect effect models to examine whether depressive symptoms in response to racial discrimination led to increased sleep problems, or vice versa. Results: Racial discrimination was associated concurrently with depressive symptoms and sleep problems for all family members. Prospective associations were also found with depressive symptoms and sleep problems in fathers and youth, and sleep problems in mothers. Longitudinal models showed significant indirect effects of racial discrimination on change in sleep problems through depressive symptoms for fathers and mothers, and a similar, but nonsignificant, pattern in youth. There were no indirect effects on change in depressive symptoms through sleep problems. Conclusions: Persistent associations of racial discrimination with depressive symptoms and sleep problems reflect a lasting impact of racial discrimination. Because discrimination’s effects on depression may contribute to increased sleep problems over time, interventions that buffer the effects of discrimination on depressive symptoms may also reduce sleep problems.

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Section: Racial Discrimination: a Substantial Psychosocial Stressor F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial discrimination, depressive symptoms, and sleep problems among Blacks in the rural South.

Hart¹,

Lavner²,

Carter³

et al. 2021

Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Over 10 million Black Americans live in the rural Southern counties collectively referred to as “the Black Belt,” one of the most economically disadvantaged regions of the U.S. (Semega et al, 2017), and the area from which the sample for the current investigation is drawn. This region has substantially elevated poverty and unemployment rates relative to the U.S. as a whole (Carl Vinson Institute of Government, 2003; Probst et al, 2002), as well as entrenched oppressive social structures that lead to frequent experiences of racial discrimination (Cutrona et al, 2016; Tickamyer & Duncan, 1990; Williams et al, 2003). For Black youth, the result is frequent experiences of racial discrimination, and elevated feelings of threat and intimidation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective parenting behavior buffers the impact of racial discrimination on depression among Black youth.

Lei

Lavner

Carter

et al. 2021

Journal of Family Psychology

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The adverse impact of racial discrimination on youth, and particularly its impact on the development of depressive symptoms, has prompted attention regarding the potential for family processes to protect youth from these erosive effects. Evidence from non-experimental studies indicates that protective parenting behavior (PPB) which occurs naturally in many Black families can buffer youth from the negative impact of racial discrimination. Of interest is whether "constructed resilience" developed through family-centered prevention programming can add to this protective buffering. The current paper examines the impact of constructed resilience in the form of increased protective parenting using 295 families randomly assigned either to a control condition or to the Protecting Strong African American Families (ProSAAF) program, a family-based prevention program previously shown to enhance protective parenting. We found that baseline racial discrimination was predictive of change in youths' depressive symptoms across the pre-post study period. Second, we found that parents participating in ProSAAF, relative to those randomly assigned to the control group, significantly improved in their use of an intervention targeting PPB. Third, we found a significant effect of change in PPB on the association of discrimination with change in depressive symptoms. Finally, we found that ProSAAF participation buffered the impact of racial discrimination on change in depressive symptoms through change in PPB. Results provide experimental support for constructed resilience in the form of change in PPB and call for increased attention to the development of familybased intervention programs to protect Black youth from the pernicious effects of racial discrimination.

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“…The current study sought to expand on these findings using four waves of data collected over two years from a study of 346 Black early adolescents living in the rural Southeastern United States. Entrenched oppressive social structures contribute to Black families in this region facing a number of contextual stressors, including interpersonal and institutional racism (Brody et al, 2016b; Cutrona et al, 2016), meaning that many Black youth in the rural South contend with frequent experiences of racial discrimination (Brody et al, 2016a). We conducted a rigorous test of theorized associations between racial discrimination and private regard by first replicating analytic models from earlier work with Black youth and then expanding upon these models with more sophisticated modeling approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Discrimination and Private Regard Among Black Early Adolescents: Testing Between- and Within-Person Associations Over Time

Lavner

Carter

Hart

et al. 2022

The Journal of Early Adolescence

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The current study examined concurrent and longitudinal associations between experiences of racial discrimination and private regard (i.e., feelings about being Black and other Black people) among 346 Black early adolescents who completed four assessments over two years. Between-person (interpersonal) and within-person (intrapersonal) effects were tested to provide a rigorous and comprehensive examination of these associations. There was minimal evidence of significant between-person effects in which youth experiencing varying levels of racial discrimination differed in their private regard. However, at the within-person level, there were significant negative concurrent associations between racial discrimination and private regard, indicating that youths’ positive racial identity was undermined at times when they were encountering higher levels of racial discrimination than they typically did. Results highlight significant intrapersonal links between racial discrimination and private regard and underscore the continued need for interventions to eliminate racial discrimination and to support Black youth experiencing it.

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African American Couples in Rural Contexts

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

Racial discrimination, depressive symptoms, and sleep problems among Blacks in the rural South.

Racial discrimination, depressive symptoms, and sleep problems among Blacks in the rural South.

Protective parenting behavior buffers the impact of racial discrimination on depression among Black youth.

Racial Discrimination and Private Regard Among Black Early Adolescents: Testing Between- and Within-Person Associations Over Time

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