African Cultural Models

Bennardo, Giovanni; Munck, Victor C. de

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199908042.003.0009

Cited by 11 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…They require further analysis both in terms of revisiting some of the methodologies used in this study or extension of them. For example, their validity can be tested or further elaborated by going back to the interview texts in which they occurred and examined more fully in the actual context in which they were identified (i.e., semantic role analysis, see Bennardo & De Munk, 2014). One can even conduct more interviews with food producers by using these categories as points of departure to gain deeper understandings of their worldviews.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This multilayered method follows the “tripartite typology” described by Bennardo and De Munk (2014). It progresses along the three data collection phases, each building upon the next:[1] Ethnographic data by participant observation and description , [that include] emic commentaries, and … a synthesis of the researcher’s interests, perceptions, and etic-emic analyses … ; [2] language data and linguistic analysis ; [and] … [3] statistics analyses with an emphasis on consensus analysis .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cultural models of nature among food producers in Japan: Nature as part of the human world.

Shimizu

2023

Qualitative Psychology

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This study is a part of a National Science Foundation-funded (BCS 1330637), large-scale, multinational investigation of how culturally shared cognition—that is, cultural models—shapes food producers’ work and livelihood across the world (Bennardo, 2019). Our goal was to uncover, describe, and understand food producers’ cultural models of “nature” (i.e., worldview), which work as bedrock assumptions that guide their food-producing process and associated livelihood. The first phase of the study took place in the peripheries of two urban communities in Gunma Prefecture in central Japan. Ethnographic survey of the work and lives of the food producers was followed by semistructured interviews on food production processes and how they succeed in business. The results of the interviews were analyzed in terms of major themes, cultural keywords, and causal relations. The second phase of the study took place in four regions of Japan—including the original site—where I administered a consensus analysis questionnaire to test the generalizability of emerging themes (cultural models) from the first phase of the study. The main finding of the study is that food producers consider “being connected” (繋がる) with people (ひと) through nature, and vice versa, as a way of realizing both practical and creative potentials of humans and nature. Not only did they consider these mutually collaborative relationships between humans and nature as a pragmatic solution to sustaining their livelihood but also as the means for realizing the ontological and creative values of each.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Cultural models of nature among food producers in Japan: Nature as part of the human world.

Shimizu

2023

Qualitative Psychology

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“…This cultural grammar, like language, depends on and enforces normativity in syntax as well as in cultural event sequences. In updating Colby’s work to the present and adapting it to the study of the courtship process in America, I have also adopted the concept of prototypes as a key element in constructing a cultural model (Bennardo & de Munck, 2014; Kempton et al, 1995). The string of events that make up the courtship process should be based on a prototypical series of normative events, from which there may be some minor and major deviations, but the greater and/or more frequent the deviations the more obscure and perhaps “doomed to failure” the courtship process becomes.…”

Section: Theory Of Cultural Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a cultural grammar to courtship: A comparison of different courtship styles in the United States?

de Munck

2023

Qualitative Psychology

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Courtship is an intimate process that, on the one hand, feels unique to its practitioners and, on the other hand, has a collectively shared goal—marriage or at minimum cohabitation. In this study, I seek to find, describe, and analyze the courtship prototype and the culturally feasible variations from the prototype that accommodate the inherent intra-cultural diversity among people. Courtship consists of diverse events intended to culminate in marriage. Studies of the courtship sequence in America are sparse. This is, to my knowledge, the first systematic study of the sequence of emically perceived, important events that constitute the courtship process. Through a series of cognitive mixed-method tasks, three studies were conducted: the first was to elicit the main events of the courtship process; second, to find the perceived prototypical sequence of courtship events; and third to compare the prototype with other feasible variations provided by interlocutors. The findings show that the most prototypical sequence entails initial events in which a couple get to know each other well. This is followed by a declaration of love and then meeting parents and cohabiting. We also found a “traditional” sequence, which entailed “having sex” after marriage. We found two “postmodern” types of sequences in which sexual intercourse occurred before any “getting to know you” event. In a t-test 1, “early sex” event series was found to be as common as the prototype. The main difference was that the prototype was the preferred courtship sequence while the “early sex” process was viewed as common among peers but not preferred. The results of this research show how different cultural beliefs and values influence the placement of events along this sequence. It also supports the importance of the prototype as a source for comparing different courtship styles as reflecting different cultural norms.

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“…As such, researchers using the methods described in this article often employ a cognitive anthropological culture as socially learned and distributed information approach to human thought and experience (D’Andrade 1995). They are particularly interested in understanding how distress and suffering are locally “modeled” or “framed” (Bennardo and De Munck 2014), as well as how those shared and socially learned models direct behavior (Dressler 2018). Working within local frameworks of understanding produces what anthropologists refer to as “ethnographic validity” (Dressler 2018), in this case meaning that symptoms remain grounded in local experience (Kohrt and Mendenhall 2015).…”

Section: Ethnographic Approaches To Assessing Distressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnographic Methods for Identifying Cultural Concepts of Distress: Developing Reliable and Valid Measures

et al. 2022

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We review ethnographic methods that allow researchers to assess distress in a culturally sensitive manner. We begin with an overview of standardized biomedical and psychological approaches to assessing distress cross-culturally. We then focus on literature describing the development of reliable and valid culturally sensitive assessment tools that can serve as complements or alternatives to biomedical categories and diagnostic frameworks. The methods we describe are useful in identifying forms of suffering—expressed in culturally salient idioms of distress—that might be misidentified by biomedical classifications. We highlight the utility of a cognitive anthropological theoretical approach for developing measures that attend to local cultural categories of knowledge and experience. Attending to cultural insider perspectives is necessary because expressions of distress, thresholds of tolerance for distress, expectations about stress inherent in life, conceptions of the good life, symptom expression, and modes of help-seeking vary across cultures.

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African Cultural Models

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Cultural models of nature among food producers in Japan: Nature as part of the human world.

Cultural models of nature among food producers in Japan: Nature as part of the human world.

Is there a cultural grammar to courtship: A comparison of different courtship styles in the United States?

Ethnographic Methods for Identifying Cultural Concepts of Distress: Developing Reliable and Valid Measures

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