“…Animals that visit Acacias will contribute to the high soil nutrient content underneath Acacia canopies through defecation and urination that further improve soil quality (Dean et al, 1999). In addition, Acacia trees are recognized as keystone species due to their use as a refuge for many wildlife and nesting habitat by numerous bird species (Dean et al, 1999;Hollamby et al, 2006). Acacia trees are also highly valued by pastoralists as the trees are relatively drought resistant, used for firewood, charcoal production, and fodder for livestock, and the tree gum is used for medicinal purposes (Krzywinski and Pierce, 2001;Mahmoud, 2010).…”