African Medicinal Plants Useful for Cognition and Memory: Therapeutic Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease

Enogieru, Adaze Bijou; Momodu, Oghenakhogie Iroboudu

doi:10.1007/s12229-021-09246-2

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Phyllanthus amarus pretreated rats were observed to have spent significantly more time exploring the novel object than the familiar object during T2 and had a significantly higher discrimination index in the NOR task. This indicates that the extract protects memory formation in rats exposed to HgCl2, thus agreeing with previous studies demonstrating the potent memory-enhancing activity of Phyllanthus amarus (Alagan et al, 2019) and other plant extracts in experimental models of cognitive impairment (Balmus and Ciobica, 2017;Enogieru and Momodu, 2021a). Spontaneous alternation behaviour using the Y-maze test has been considered an indicator of memory function in rodents (Hritcu et al, 2011).…”

Section: Effect Of Treatment On Neurobehavioural Activitysupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Unfortunately, these drugs are known to have harmful side effects and are also ineffective in the complete removal of Hg from tissues (Tchounwou et al, 2003). In recent times, the clinical importance of plant-based naturally occurring antioxidants has received substantial attention due to the adverse effects of synthetic antioxidants (Engelhart et al, 2002;Enogieru and Momodu, 2021a). Several plant products and extracts have been demonstrated to have protective activity against Hg-induced neurotoxicity in experimental studies (Anyanwu et al, 2020;Hallal et al, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Exploration of Aqueous Phyllanthus amarus Leaf Extract as a Protective Agent in Mercury Chloride-Exposed Wistar Rats: A Neurobehavioural Study

Enogieru¹,

Omoruyi²

2022

jasem

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Mercury (Hg) exposure is known to damage vital components of the central nervous system primarily through oxidative stress. Although Phyllanthus amarus (PA) is reported to be rich in antioxidants, there is a dearth of relevant research evidence to show its protective activity against Mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced neurotoxicity. Accordingly, this study was designed to investigate the possible protective activity of aqueous Phyllanthus amarus leaf extract (APALE) in HgCl2-exposed rats using standard neurobehavioral assessments. Thirty adult Wistar rats were randomized into six groups of five rats each viz: A: Control, distilled water; B: HgCl2 (4 mg/kg body wt.); C: APALE (200 mg/kg body wt.) + HgCl2 (4 mg/kg); D: APALE (400 mg/kg body wt.) + HgCl2 (4 mg/kg); E: APALE (200 mg/kg body wt.); F: APALE (400 mg/kg body wt.). All administrations were through an orogastric tube for 14 days. Thereafter, neurobehavioral tests (open field, novel object and Y-maze) were done and experimental rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Body, brain and cerebellar weights were examined across all groups. HgCl2 exposure significantly (p<0.0.05) decreased whole body weight across experimental groups. Similarly, a reduction in brain and cerebellar weight was observed. Significant neurobehavioral alterations to locomotion, discrimination index and cognition/memory, induced by HgCl2, were observed across experimental groups. However, protection against the deleterious effects induced by HgCl2 was observed following pretreatment with APALE. Conclusively, these findings show that APALE demonstrated potent protective activity against HgCl2-induced neurotoxicity and may be useful in the management of Hg toxicity and other related disorders.

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Section: Effect Of Treatment On Neurobehavioural Activitysupporting

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of Aqueous Phyllanthus amarus Leaf Extract as a Protective Agent in Mercury Chloride-Exposed Wistar Rats: A Neurobehavioural Study

Enogieru¹,

Omoruyi²

2022

jasem

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“…have a fidelity of 90 percent. Dichrocephala integrifolia (L.f.) Kuntze in addition to Ethiopia is used all over Africa as a traditional medicinal plant to treat schizophrenia, diarrhoea, amebiasis, epilepsy, worm infections, dementia, asthma, malaria, inflammation, hepatitis and gastrointestinal diseases ( Enogieru and Momodu, 2021 ). Several pharmacological and bioactivities have been reported for this medicinal plant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnobotanical study of endemic and non-endemic medicinal plants used by indigenous people in environs of Gullele botanical garden Addis Ababa, central Ethiopia: A major focus on Asteraceae family

et al. 2022

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Gullele Botanical Garden (GBG) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia is a joint venture of Addis Ababa government and the university. The garden has been built mainly to conserve the endemic plants and to advance the research on the endemic and non-endemic plants collected from different part of Ethiopia. Many traditional healers from the environs of GBG and different subcities of Addis Ababa depend on the garden for their practice of traditional medicine but there is no systematic documentation of the traditional medicinal knowledge of these healers. The main objective of the present study is to comprehensively document the ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal information from the traditional healers of different ethnic and cultural groups depending on GBG and to create a database of the endemic plants used by these healers. The ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal data obtained from 60 traditional healers have been analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. A total of 81 medicinal plants belonging to 47 families have been identified. Majority of the plants used belonged to Asteraceae (12) family. The most frequently used plant form and plant parts are herbs and leaves. The major method adopted by the healers for preparation and administration of traditional medicine is crushing and topical, respectively. Skin and general diseases are the most important ailments treated by the healers. The three most cited plants used to treat diseases are Echinops kebericho Mesfin (60), Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J.F.Gmel (60) and Laggera tomentosa (A.Rich.) Sch.Bip. ex Oliv. & Hiern (58). The present study is the first systematic, qualitative, and quantitative ethnobotanical analysis and documentation done on the use of the medicinal plants from GBG for traditional medicine. In addition, our study reveals that E. kebericho is endemic and endangered plant and is highly used in traditional medicine. Therefore, GBG authorities should take steps for the propagation and restoration of this plant. Further it is suggested that the pharmacological properties of the roots and leaves of E. kebericho should be compared to find the possibility of use of leaves in place of roots for the preparation of traditional medicine which would help in conserving this endemic plant of Ethiopia.

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“…The authors focused on the relevance of plant-derived flavonoids with preclinical activity, mechanisms of action and structural activity relationship, which might to lead to novel effective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The usefulness of African medicinal plants in improving cognition and memory in Alzheimer’s disease patients was also described [ 8 ]. The authors stated that several commonly used African medicinal plants inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity, modified β-amyloid processing, protected oxidative stress and regulated antioxidant enzyme activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Anti-Alzheimer’s Disease Activity of Selected Plant Ingredients

Tuzimski

Petruczynik

2022

Molecules

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Neurodegenerative diseases, among which one of the more common is Alzheimer’s disease, are the one of the biggest global public health challenges facing our generation because of the increasing elderly population in most countries. With the growing burden of these diseases, it is essential to discover and develop new treatment options capable of preventing and treating them. Neurodegenerative diseases, among which one of the most common is Alzheimer’s disease, are a multifactorial disease and therefore demand multiple therapeutic approaches. One of the most important therapeutic strategies is controlling the level of acetylcholine—a neurotransmitter in cholinergic synapses—by blocking the degradation of acetylcholine using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as tacrine, galantamine, donepezil and rivastigmine. However, these drugs can cause some adverse side effects, such as hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal disorder. Thus, the search for new, more effective drugs is very important. In the last few years, different active constituents from plants have been tested as potential drugs in neurodegenerative disease therapy. The availability, lower price and less toxic effects of herbal medicines compared with synthetic agents make them a simple and excellent choice in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The empirical approach to discovering new drugs from the systematic screening of plant extracts or plant-derived compounds is still an important strategy when it comes to finding new biologically active substances. The aim of this review is to identify new, safe and effective compounds that are potential candidates for further in vivo and clinical tests from which more effective drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease could be selected. We reviewed the methods used to determine anti-Alzheimer’s disease activity. Here, we have discussed the relevance of plant-derived compounds with in vitro activity. Various plants and phytochemical compounds have shown different activity that could be beneficial in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disorders. Most often, medicinal plants and their active components have been investigated as acetylcholinesterase and/or butyrylcholinesterase activity inhibitors, modifiers of β-amyloid processing and antioxidant agents. This study also aims to highlight species with assessed efficacy, usable plant parts and the most active plant components in order to identify species and compounds of interest for further study. Future research directions are suggested and recommendations made to expand the use of medicinal plants, their formulations and plant-derived active compounds to prevent, mitigate and treat Alzheimer’s disease.

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African Medicinal Plants Useful for Cognition and Memory: Therapeutic Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease

Cited by 15 publications

References 115 publications

Exploration of Aqueous Phyllanthus amarus Leaf Extract as a Protective Agent in Mercury Chloride-Exposed Wistar Rats: A Neurobehavioural Study

Exploration of Aqueous Phyllanthus amarus Leaf Extract as a Protective Agent in Mercury Chloride-Exposed Wistar Rats: A Neurobehavioural Study

Ethnobotanical study of endemic and non-endemic medicinal plants used by indigenous people in environs of Gullele botanical garden Addis Ababa, central Ethiopia: A major focus on Asteraceae family

Determination of Anti-Alzheimer’s Disease Activity of Selected Plant Ingredients

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