African Pastoralism: Genetic Imprints of Origins and Migrations

Hanotte, Olivier; Bradley, Daniel G.; Ochieng, Joel W.; Verjee, Y.; Hill, E. W.; Rege, J.E.O.

doi:10.1126/science.1069878

Cited by 469 publications

(517 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…They are further described in Table II and [4,9,10,18,23]. To avoid confusion and mingling of breeds or strains having the same name, it is assumed that the country of conservation is equal to the origin of the blood sample (Tab.…”

Section: Breedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum allocation of conservation funds and choice of conservation programs for a set of African cattle breeds

Reist-Marti¹,

Abdulai

Simianer

2006

Genet. Sel. Evol.

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-Although funds for livestock conservation are limited there is little known about the optimal allocation of conservation funds. A new algorithm was used to allocate Mio US$ 1, 2, 3, 5 or unlimited funds, discounted over 50 years, on 23 African cattle breeds conserved with four different possible conservation programs. Additionally, Mio US$ 1 was preferably allocated to breeds with special traits. The conceptional in situ conservation programs strongly involve breeders and give them part of the responsibility for the conservation of the breed. Therefore, the pure in situ conservation was more efficient than cryoconservation or combined in situ and cryoconservation. The average annual discounted conservation cost for a breed can be as low as US$ 1000 to US$ 4400 depending on the design of the conservation program and the economic situation of the country of conservation. The choice of the breeds and the optimal conservation program and the amount of money allocated to each breed depend on many factors such as the amount of funds available, the conservation potential of each breed, the effects of the conservation program as well as its cost. With Mio US$ 1, 64% of the present diversity could be maintained over 50 years, which is 13% more than would be maintained if no conservation measures were implemented. Special traits could be conserved with a rather small amount of the total funds. Diversity can not be conserved completely, not even with unlimited funds. A maximum of 92% of the present diversity could be conserved with Mio US$ 10, leaving 8% of the diversity to unpredictable happenings. The suggested algorithm proved to be useful for optimal allocation of conservation funds. It allocated the funds optimally among breeds by identifying the most suited conservation program for each breed, also accounting for differences in currency exchange rates between the different countries.optimal allocation / conservation program / African cattle / conservation funds / choice of program

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Section: Breedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum allocation of conservation funds and choice of conservation programs for a set of African cattle breeds

Reist-Marti¹,

Abdulai

Simianer

2006

Genet. Sel. Evol.

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“…They are also thought to have interbred with the Lateralhorned Zebus to produce the various Sanga cattle, which later migrated south of the Sahara towards the Great Lakes and beyond [15,21]. Previous studies by Freeman et al [9] and by Hanotte et al [14] have indicated minimal recent male-mediated indicine gene introgression into the Ankole cattle populations, either through the Zenga or Bos indicus populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and morphological characterisation of the Ankole Longhorn cattle in the African Great Lakes region

et al. 2008

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-The study investigated the population structure, diversity and differentiation of almost all of the ecotypes representing the African Ankole Longhorn cattle breed on the basis of morphometric (shape and size), genotypic and spatial distance data. Twentyone morphometric measurements were used to describe the morphology of 439 individuals from 11 sub-populations located in five countries around the Great Lakes region of central and eastern Africa. Additionally, 472 individuals were genotyped using 15 DNA microsatellites. Femoral length, horn length, horn circumference, rump height, body length and fore-limb circumference showed the largest differences between regions. An overall F ST index indicated that 2.7% of the total genetic variation was present among sub-populations. The least differentiation was observed between the two sub-populations of Mbarara south and Luwero in Uganda, while the highest level of differentiation was observed between the Mugamba in Burundi and Malagarasi in Tanzania. An estimated membership of four for the inferred clusters from a model-based Bayesian approach was obtained. Both analyses on distance-based and model-based methods consistently isolated the Mugamba sub-population in Burundi from the others.Ankole Longhorn cattle / microsatellite / geometric morphometric / genetic distance / spatial distance

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“…Ordination summarises all the variation in the study area and accommodates each population as a study unit (Manel et al 2003). Then, the inverse distance weighted interpolation of the major principal components leads to a synthesis map, which gives insights into the spatial pattern concerned (Hanotte et al 2002). AFC analyses were performed using GENETIX and interpolation using GRASS GIS software (GRASS Development Team 2008).…”

Section: Population Structure Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsatellite variability reveals beekeeping influences on Iberian honeybee populations

et al. 2011

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-The genetic structure of the Iberian honey bee (Apis mellifera iberiensis) was studied by analysing 10 microsatellite loci in 362 workers representative of nine Spanish provinces. Heterozygosity values of Iberian honeybee populations are intermediate between African and west European ones whereas allelic diversity is remarkably high at several loci. There is no definite geographic structure of Iberian honeybee populations. At a peninsular scale, the expected clinal pattern observed with mitochondrial data has been probably lost due to the extensive practice of mobile beekeeping and increased colony trade-off. Due to these practices, it is expected that the genetic homogenisation will increase during the next years. Though this might have positive effects on honey production, putative ecotypes existing in Iberia would be prone to disappear.Apis mellifera / population genetics / synthesis maps

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African Pastoralism: Genetic Imprints of Origins and Migrations

Cited by 469 publications

References 10 publications

Optimum allocation of conservation funds and choice of conservation programs for a set of African cattle breeds

Optimum allocation of conservation funds and choice of conservation programs for a set of African cattle breeds

Genetic and morphological characterisation of the Ankole Longhorn cattle in the African Great Lakes region

Microsatellite variability reveals beekeeping influences on Iberian honeybee populations

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