African Plasmodium vivax malaria improbably rare or benign

Baird, J. Kevin

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2022.05.006

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…threshold of standard diagnostic tests), or latent infections seated in inaccessible tissues. 15,22 Our sensitivity analysis suggests that the number of pregnancies at risk of P vivax in AFRO could be close to seven-times higher than reported in the main analysis, because, with this alternative method, all of sub-Saharan Africa is considered endemic for P vivax, not just the horn of Africa. Better diagnostic tools and data are needed to estimate the true global distribution of P vivax endemicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Global estimates of the number of pregnancies at risk of malaria from 2007 to 2020: a demographic study

Reddy

Weiss

Rozier

et al. 2023

The Lancet Global Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Global estimates of the number of pregnancies at risk of malaria from 2007 to 2020: a demographic study

Reddy

Weiss

Rozier

et al. 2023

The Lancet Global Health

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“…On the other end, it could be worthwhile to compare the extent of reticulocyte preference of different Brazilian and Thai P. vivax isolates [which were used in Gruszczyk et al (2018) and Malleret et al (2021)], considering that they were shown to invade only a small subset of reticulocytes. Better characterization of P. vivax invasion into different reticulocyte subsets should also help to understand P. vivax invasion in Duffy-negative patients, particularly in Africa (Dechavanne et al, 2018;Baird, 2022). As for P. malariae, studies on its erythrocyte tropism are limited and contradictory, with both reticulocyte tropism (Hegner, 1938) and normocyte tropism (Kitchen, 1939;Chwatt, 1948) observed.…”

Section: Tropism Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erythrocyte tropism of malarial parasites: The reticulocyte appeal

Leong

Russell²,

Malleret³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Erythrocytes are formed from the enucleation of erythroblasts in the bone marrow, and as erythrocytes develop from immature reticulocytes into mature normocytes, they undergo extensive cellular changes through their passage in the blood. During the blood stage of the malarial parasite life cycle, the parasite sense and invade susceptible erythrocytes. However, different parasite species display varying erythrocyte tropisms (i.e., preference for either reticulocytes or normocytes). In this review, we explore the erythrocyte tropism of malarial parasites, especially their predilection to invade reticulocytes, as shown from recent studies. We also discuss possible mechanisms mediating erythrocyte tropism and the implications of specific tropisms to disease pathophysiology. Understanding these allows better insight into the role of reticulocytes in malaria and provides opportunities for targeted interventions.

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“…It is made available under a preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in The copyright holder for this this version posted February 13, 2023. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02. 13.528262 doi: bioRxiv preprint parasite reservoirs in bone marrow and spleen that may act as an unobserved pathogenic biomass and source for recrudescence [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Complete removal of the parasite from the human reservoir is therefore challenging [5,14], underscoring the need for innovative therapeutic strategies including the development of an effective vaccine [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sterile protection againstPlasmodium vivaxmalaria by repeated blood stage infection in a non-human primate model

Obaldía

Silva-Filho

Núñez

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax remains a major global public health challenge, causing major morbidity across tropical and subtropical regions. Several candidate vaccines are in preclinical and clinical trials, however no vaccine against P. vivax malaria is approved for use in humans. Here we assessed whether P. vivax strain-transcendent immunity can be achieved by repeated infection in Aotus monkeys. For this purpose, we repeatedly infected six animals with blood stages of the P. vivax Salvador 1 (SAL-1) strain until sterile immune, and then challenged with the AMRU-1 strain. Sterile immunity was achieved in 4/4 (100%) Aotus monkeys after two homologous infections with the SAL-1 strain, while partial protection against a heterologous AMRU-1 challenge was achieved in 3/3 (100%) monkeys. IgG levels based on P. vivax lysate ELISA and protein microarray increased with repeated infections and correlated with the level of homologous protection. Analysis of parasite transcriptional profiles across inoculation levels provided no evidence of major antigenic switching upon homologous or heterologous challenge. In contrast, we observed significant transcriptional differences in the P. vivax core gene repertoire between SAL-1 and AMRU-1. Together with the strain-specific genetic diversity between SAL-1 and AMRU-1 these data suggest that the protection upon heterologous challenge is due to strain differences (at genome and transcriptome level) rather than immune evasion by antigenic switching. Our study provides the first benchmark for achieving sterile immunity in the Aotus/P. vivax non-human primate model, and a template for establishing correlates of immunity to test the efficacy of candidate blood stage P. vivax malaria vaccines.

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African Plasmodium vivax malaria improbably rare or benign

Cited by 22 publications

References 92 publications

Global estimates of the number of pregnancies at risk of malaria from 2007 to 2020: a demographic study

Global estimates of the number of pregnancies at risk of malaria from 2007 to 2020: a demographic study

Erythrocyte tropism of malarial parasites: The reticulocyte appeal

Sterile protection againstPlasmodium vivaxmalaria by repeated blood stage infection in a non-human primate model

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