African swine fever: A review of cleaning and disinfection procedures in commercial pig holdings

Lorenzi, Giorgia De; Borella, Laura; Alborali, Giovanni Loris; Radulović, Jasna Prodanov; Štukelj, Marina; Bellini, Silvia

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.06.009

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Cleaning and disinfection procedures are thought to be fundamental for pathogen inactivation, to prevent disease spread, and to facilitate repopulation after an outbreak ( 56 ). Indeed, cleaning represents one of the most important steps in the cleaning and disinfection process ( 57 ). It removes over 90% of microorganisms when properly performed and improves the disinfection efficacy ( 58 ).…”

Section: Description Of Review Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Context of Application of Biosecurity for Control of African Swine Fever in Smallholder Pig Systems: Current Gaps and Recommendations

Mutua

Dione²

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal disease of pigs. It is a threat to the pig industry as it lowers production and significantly impacts on livelihoods. ASF has no cure and a vaccine against it is yet to be developed. Outbreaks continue to be reported in Africa and Asia, where the setting of the pig value chain (farm, market, and slaughter practices) coupled with the risky behaviors of actors, contribute to persistence of the virus in pig populations. The role of these factors in the epidemiology of the disease is reviewed with a focus on smallholder pig systems in Africa. Biosecurity at the farm level is particularly emphasized, and factors influencing its adoption highlighted. Socio-cultural factors and weaknesses at the disease control policy level are critical and should not be ignored. Gender and equity are important aspects and ought to be considered in discussions to improve the sector. The findings are expected to define priorities for interventions to improve pig productivity (as these regions wait for the vaccine to be developed).

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Section: Description Of Review Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Context of Application of Biosecurity for Control of African Swine Fever in Smallholder Pig Systems: Current Gaps and Recommendations

Mutua

Dione²

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…There is a disinfection barrier on the farm entrance for all transportation vehicles and automatic sprayer with nozzles. According to the research of Bellini et al [18] and De Lorenzi [19], high levels of farm biosecurity including paying special attention to the disinfection process is considered as the most important tool for preventing ASF virus entering pig farms.…”

Section: External Biosecurity Farm Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

African Swine Fever Outbreak Investigation on Large Commercial Pig Farm in Serbia

Nešković¹,

Ristić²,

Došenović³

et al. 2021

Acta Veterinaria

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The first confirmed case of African Swine Fever (ASF) in Serbia occurred in 2019. Since then, numerous outbreaks in domestic pigs and wild boars have been reported. Until April 2021, all the detected ASF cases were in backyard pigs. Beside backyard and smallholders farming systems as a dominant pig production system in Serbia, large commercial pig farms can also be found, located mostly in villages. In the beginning of April 2021, a large commercial farrow-to-finish pig farm in Serbia with almost 19,000 animals was affected with the ASF virus. The pig farm analysed in this paper is located in an area where ASF was confirmed earlier in both backyard and wild boars. In this study, we describe the overall epidemiological course of the ASF outbreak. Epidemiological investigation using a hypothesis-based approach was conducted in order to reconstruct the disease course until the official notification. All the available data from the farm were analysed with the aim to determine the high-risk period (HRP). Some of the key points to consider when it comes to the sources of infection and entry route of ASF are the following: contamination of the area in the immediate vicinity of the farm, risky human activities, irregularities and some omissions in the external farm biosecurity and immediate proximity of the city waste-yard where the communal waste is disposed of. It was concluded that when commercial pig farms are surrounded by villages with a large number of backyards, hence the anthropogenic factor is the key risk factor for ASF spreading.

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“…However, the highly contagious characteristic of ASF transmission indicates the potential for possible interventions to manage the risk of ASF introduction and transmission (Lichoti et al, 2016;Govoeyi et al, 2020). Biosecurity is a high priority for pig farmers due to its high efficiency in controlling this disease (De Lorenzi et al, 2020;Jackman et al, 2020). It contains at least two parts: how to prevent ASF infection entirely and how to remove infected pigs rapidly and accurately (Álvarez et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymph-Node-Sampler-Based Nucleic Acid Detection Helps to Diagnose and Control African Swine Fever in Pig Production

Li¹,

Li²,

Fan³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious hemorrhagic and transboundary animal disease. It has rapidly spread to many regions of the world and is responsible for serious production and economic losses. However, clinical diagnosis is impractical for the similar classic symptoms of ASF and several other normal diseases. How to make a definite diagnosis is a top priority. Results: In the present study, lymph node samples were collected by the patented “lymph node sampler”, which makes the sampling safer, more efficient and minimally invasive. The ASF virus (ASFV) contents of lymph node sample as well as serum, oral fluid, nasal and rectal swab samples from pig production line were detected by real-time PCR. The big data results demonstrated that the lymph node samples contained more stable and strongly positive ASFV nucleic acid than the porcine exudate and serum samples. Taking the lymph node sample is one of the assistant ways in diagnosing pigs suspected of having ASF. We supervised twenty farms that realized the accurate diagnosis and eliminating of the risk in the shortest time period by using lymph node sampler. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the lymph node sample is an ideal tissue for diagnosing ASFV infection. The lymph node sampler is a convenient tool for lymph node sampling for practitioners.

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African swine fever: A review of cleaning and disinfection procedures in commercial pig holdings

Cited by 36 publications

References 15 publications

The Context of Application of Biosecurity for Control of African Swine Fever in Smallholder Pig Systems: Current Gaps and Recommendations

The Context of Application of Biosecurity for Control of African Swine Fever in Smallholder Pig Systems: Current Gaps and Recommendations

African Swine Fever Outbreak Investigation on Large Commercial Pig Farm in Serbia

Lymph-Node-Sampler-Based Nucleic Acid Detection Helps to Diagnose and Control African Swine Fever in Pig Production

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