African Swine Fever Eradication: The Spanish Model

Arias, Marisa; Sánchez‐Vizcaíno, José Manuel; Morilla, Antonio; Yoon, Kyoung‐Jin; Zimmerman, Jeffrey J.

doi:10.1002/9780470376812.ch4c

Cited by 75 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Additionally, perimeter fences should delimitate the commercial holding to prevent such contact (15). On outdoor farms, fences will be preferably doubled (63), at least 1 m apart (57), and proofed against wild boar and pigs (15, 16, 18, 45, 47, 65). Fences should be at least 2 m high of which 50 cm should be under the ground (66).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevant Measures to Prevent the Spread of African Swine Fever in the European Union Domestic Pig Sector

et al. 2018

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During the past decade, African swine fever (ASF) has spread from the Caucasus region to eastern European Union countries affecting domestic pig and wild boar populations. In order to avert ASF spread, mitigation measures targeting both populations have been established. However, despite these efforts, ASF has been reported in thirteen different countries (Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Moldova, Czech Republic, and Romania). In the absence of an effective vaccine or treatment to ASF, introduction and spread of ASF onto domestic pig farms can only be prevented by strict compliance to control measures. This study systematically reviewed available measures to prevent the spread of ASF in the EU domestic pig sector distinguishing between commercial, non-commercial, and outdoor farms. The search was performed in PubMed and using a common browser. A total of 52 documents were selected for the final review process, which included scientific articles, reports, EU documents and official recommendations, among others. From this literature review, 37 measures were identified as preventive measures for the introduction and spread of ASF. Subsequently, these measures were assessed by ASF experts for their relevance in the mitigation of ASF spread on the three mentioned types of farms. All experts agreed that some of the important preventive measures for all three types of farms were: the identification of animals and farm records; strict enforcement of the ban on swill feeding; and containment of pigs, so as to not allow direct or indirect pig–pig and/or pig–wild boar contacts. Other important preventive measures for all farms were education of farmers, workers, and operators; no contact between farmers and farm staff and external pigs; appropriate removal of carcasses, slaughter residues, and food waste; proper disposal of manure and dead animals, and abstaining from hunting activities during the previous 48 h (allowing a 48 h interval between hunting and being in contact with domestic pigs). Finally, all experts identified that the important preventive measures for non-commercial and outdoor farms is to improve access of those farms to veterinarians and health services.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevant Measures to Prevent the Spread of African Swine Fever in the European Union Domestic Pig Sector

et al. 2018

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“…ASF first escaped from Africa in 1957 to reach Portugal via contaminated waste containing infected pig products that were used to feed pigs. After this incursion, which was rapidly controlled, ASFV re-entered Portugal in 1960 and this time it spread to the whole Iberian Peninsula, where it persisted for more than 30 years (Arias and S anchez-Vizca ıno, 2002). During this period (1960e1995), ASFV spread sporadically to other countries in Europe and America (i.e.…”

Section: African Swine Fever Epidemiology and Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chronic form of the disease, which has no specific clinical signs, was mainly detected during serological screening to eradicate the disease in Spain, in carrier animals, of which around 10% can spread the virus for long periods of time, which likely plays a key role in the persistence of the disease (Arias and S anchez-Vizca ıno, 2002). These animals usually have necrotic lesions of the skin and arthritis (S anchez-Botija, 1982), delayed growth, emaciation, lameness, respiratory signs, abortion and low mortality (Arias et al, 1986).…”

Section: Chronic African Swine Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serology has been employed widely in eradication and control programmes for ASF (Arias and S anchez-Vizca ıno, 2002). As no vaccine is available, the presence of ASF antibodies implies previous infection.…”

Section: Laboratory Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As no vaccine is available, the presence of ASF antibodies implies previous infection. Consequently, serology is appropriate for detecting potential carrier animals in endemic situations (Arias and S anchez-Vizca ıno, 2002). The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most commonly used serological test as it can be widely employed for screening purposes.…”

Section: Laboratory Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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