No abstract

The major predisposing factor for late in-the-bag IOL dislocation is myopia. Despite a complication rate of 43%, mostly minor and transient, IOL exchange surgery is an effective procedure with a good visual outcome (mean 3 Snellen lines improvement). There were no statistically significant differences in the final best-corrected visual acuity or complication rate between anterior chamber IOL and sutured posterior chamber IOL, thus, both surgical techniques may be considered to treat this condition.

This is a brief overview of the current situation regarding PRRSV, with an emphasis on information that has appeared in the literature within the last 5 years. This period has been marked by 1) A growing recognition of the high cost of PRRS to swine producers; 2) Continued producer frustration with the (poor) control of PRRS; 3) Heightened interest in regional elimination of PRRSV, but reluctance to proceed without more reliable methods of achieving the objective; 4) Reports (and "counter reports") of newly emerging, highly virulent, PRRSV isolates; and 5) Innovation in the application of diagnostics to surveillance. PRRSV CHANGES IN GLOBAL DISTRIBUTIONPRRSV was diagnosed in Africa for the first time in June 2004 following outbreaks in Western Cape Province, South Africa (OIE, 2005a). Steps were taken to eliminate the disease, i.e., quarantine, stamping out, premise disinfection. Serologic tests did not identify additional infected sites at that time, but new outbreaks were identified in October 2005 (OIE, 2005b) and again in August 2007 (Beltran-Alcrudo et al., 2007). A source of the virus has not been determined and remains a point of strong interest.Chile is on the verge of becoming the first country to eradicate PRRSV. Begun in 2001, by Chilean swine producers organization (ASPROCER) in coordination with animal health government agencies, the national PRRSV eradication program is close to achieving its objective. According to the Chilean swine producers organization (ASPROCER), the last PRRSV-positive pigs were sent to the abattoir on April 2, 2007. Chilean producers are currently in the process of culling all sows that were present at the time of infection (Anon, 2007). ECONOMICSThe cost of PRRS due to reproductive outbreaks was recognized early in the PRRSV pandemic, e.g., in 1990Polson et al. (1990 estimated losses at $236 USD per sow during an acute outbreak of reproductive PRRS due to infertility, abortions, stillbirths, and neonatal mortality. More recently, there is a developing recognition of the cost of PRRSV infection in