AFRL Round-Robin Test Results on Plasma Propagation Velocity

Hoffmann, Ryan; Ferguson, Dale C.; Patton, James P.; Wheelock, Adrian; Young, Jason A.; Crofton, Mark W.; Prebola, John L.; Crider, D. H.; Likar, Justin J.; Schneider, Todd; Vaughn, Jason A.; Bodeau, Michael; Noushkam, Nikki; Vayner, Boris; Hoang, Bao

doi:10.1109/tps.2015.2465865

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For the same objectives with different shapes (see Figs. 7 and 8), we can also raise the results in the frame of the U.S. round-robin and those published by Hoffman et al [9] and those made in France and published by Siguier et al [6].…”

Section: Review Of Recent Experiments Performedsupporting

confidence: 70%

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Influence of Different Parameters on Flashover Propagation on a Solar Panel

Inguimbert

Siguier

Sarrailh

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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This paper first presents a short review of the recent experiments performed on large test fixtures, whose aim was to evaluate the flashover (FO) propagation during an electrostatic discharge. Then, the model of plasma bubble expansion is presented and compared with the results collected during the review. We will show that the model can represent qualitatively and quantitatively most of the results. The parameters of the model are mainly the ion velocity and the backscattered electron emission yield. The other experimental parameters influencing the FO propagation will be discussed.

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Section: Review Of Recent Experiments Performedsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…(a) Comparison of the model with the results obtained during a discharge obtained on the text fixture presented inFig. 7and published in[9]. In the calculation, the ion velocity is 12 km/s.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Different Parameters on Flashover Propagation on a Solar Panel

Inguimbert

Siguier

Sarrailh

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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“…4 On-source ACF of total power, first minute of data: breakpoint at about 15 lags (144 μs). the expected radioarc signal, it corresponds roughly to the time the arc plasma would radiate while crossing a 1.5 m solar array, assuming a plasma expansion of about 1 cm∕μs [3]. Finally, in Fig.…”

Section: Preliminary October Arecibo Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Ground-Based Surveillance Campaign to Detect Global Positioning System Arcing: First Preliminary Results

Ferguson¹,

White²,

Rast³

et al. 2017

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

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Excess power degradation on global positioning system (GPS) solar arrays has been ascribed to arc-induced contamination. Arcs have also been proposed as one source of spurious signals in Los Alamos National Laboratory's radiofrequency detectors on GPS satellites. Both ideas may be confirmed by detecting such arcs with large groundbased optical-and radiotelescopes. Correlation of these signals with each other and/or the event times onboard would cement both hypotheses. In this paper, preliminary positive results of a coordinated campaign of large optical-and radiotelescope observations on tracked GPS satellites are presented. Coordinated observations were carried out with the Arecibo 305 m and long wavelength array radiotelescopes and a 3.5 m optical telescope. Correlations of event rates, with predictions based on the U.S. Air Force, Aerospace, National Reconnaissance Office AE9/AP9/SPM empirical standard trapped radiation climatology model, show that daily variations in the undispersed event rates track variations in the charging electron flux with a delay appropriate for solar cell cover-glass conduction times. Additionally, Arecibo observations at 327 MHz show narrow autocorrelation features (∼140 μs wide) for one GPS satellite on two different days. Ground testing of a GPS-like solar array reveals arc voltage thresholds and contamination rates sufficient to produce the observed power degradation. Implications are discussed for GPS spacecraft and other satellites.

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“…Although the electron temperature in the plasma is not very high -3-5 eV, perhaps, the plasma velocity away from the explosion site is that of the accelerated electron energy, minus the energy needed to pull ions along. Indeed, an AFRL measurement [17] nicely fits velocity extrapolations from exploding aluminum wires [18] (see Fig. 2).…”

Section: Arc Plasma Does Not Expand With the Bohm Velocitymentioning

confidence: 65%

“…So, the accelerated plasma U.S. Government work not protected by U.S. copyright. Exploding aluminum wire velocities [18] with velocity of arc plasma [17]. may expand at a rate much higher than an unaccelerated thermal plasma (which is constrained by the Bohm velocity).…”

Section: Arc Plasma Does Not Expand With the Bohm Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Arc Plasma Propagation and Arc Current Profiles

Ferguson

Hoffmann

Plis³

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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When electrical arcs occur in space, a plasma expands away from the arc-site, neutralizing adjacent surfaces (a current), and causing a current to be produced at the arc-site (source of neutralization current). The speed of this plasma expansion depends on the plasma species, which in turn depend on the ionizable materials near the initial electrostatic discharge (ESD) site. Based on laboratory experiments undertaken as part of the U.S. round-robin experiments on plasma propagation speed, a scenario for arc plasma propagation and arc current profiles is presented. It is found that the complex arc current profiles invariably seen in laboratory arcs are due to a multicomponent plasma, where each plasma species expands away from the arc-site supersonically and with approximately constant velocity. Apparent slowing of the arc plasma seen in high-speed video cameras is caused by the density depletion of the lightest (most rapid) plasma component first and heavier (slower) plasma components later. Electron currents onto surfaces originate at the arc-site, and the conductive arc plasma is a conduit for these currents. Sudden, simultaneous onset of arc currents at all distances from the arc-site is the result of blowoff currents, making all surfaces more positive, which then attract ambient electrons. Sudden, simultaneous cutoff of arc currents at all distances from the arc-site is the result of collapse of the plasma due to conditions at the arc-site. The ionization at the arc-site during the arc is seen to be rapidly variable, with variations on the nanosecond timescale. This model not only makes the varied plasma velocities reported in the literature understandable, but it also makes predictions about the arc radiofrequency interference (RFI), contamination produced by the arcs, and the total charge in an arc possible. Arc-site materials are suggested which, being hard to ionize and with massive ions, minimize arc currents and maximize arc current rise times.

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AFRL Round-Robin Test Results on Plasma Propagation Velocity

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Influence of Different Parameters on Flashover Propagation on a Solar Panel

Influence of Different Parameters on Flashover Propagation on a Solar Panel

Ground-Based Surveillance Campaign to Detect Global Positioning System Arcing: First Preliminary Results

Arc Plasma Propagation and Arc Current Profiles

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