After-effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cortical spreading depression

Liebetanz, David; Fregni, Felipe; Monte-Silva, Kátia; Oliveira, Manuella B.; Amâncio-dos-Santos, Ângela; Nitsche, Michael A.; Guedes, Rubem Carlos Araújo

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.12.058

Cited by 105 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…29 This finding might be attributed to the fact that the neuroprotective effect exerted by C-tDCS in the early phase of stroke also protects and reduces secondary injury mechanisms, such as the postischemic inflammatory reaction sustained by activated microglia. 30 Nevertheless, we cannot exclude that our results might be also due, at least in part, to the ability of C-tDCS to reduce cortical-spreading depressions, 31,32 a major mechanism of acute ischemic damage induced by glutamate excitotoxicity. The reduced levels of creatine after stroke in C-tDCS-MCAO mice copes with this hypothesis, because this metabolite has been associated with the electric silencing of the ischemic penumbra.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Safety and Efficacy of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Acute Experimental Ischemic Stroke

Peruzzotti-Jametti

Cambiaghi

Bacigaluppi

et al. 2013

Stroke

124

151

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Background and Purpose— Transcranial direct current stimulation is emerging as a promising tool for the treatment of several neurological conditions, including cerebral ischemia. The therapeutic role of this noninvasive treatment is, however, limited to chronic phases of stroke. We thus ought to investigate whether different stimulation protocols could also be beneficial in the acute phase of experimental brain ischemia. Methods— The influence of both cathodal and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation in modifying brain metabolism of healthy mice was first tested by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Then, mice undergoing transient proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion were randomized and treated acutely with anodal, cathodal, or sham transcranial direct current stimulation. Brain metabolism, functional outcomes, and ischemic lesion volume, as well as the inflammatory reaction and blood brain barrier functionality, were analyzed. Results— Cathodal stimulation was able, if applied in the acute phase of stroke, to preserve cortical neurons from the ischemic damage, to reduce inflammation, and to promote a better clinical recovery compared with sham and anodal treatments. This finding was attributable to the significant decrease of cortical glutamate, as indicated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Conversely, anodal stimulation induced an increase in the postischemic lesion volume and augmented blood brain barrier derangement. Conclusions— Our data indicate that transcranial direct current stimulation exerts a measurable neuroprotective effect in the acute phase of stroke. However, its timing and polarity should be carefully identified on the base of the pathophysiological context to avoid potential harmful side effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Safety and Efficacy of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Acute Experimental Ischemic Stroke

Peruzzotti-Jametti

Cambiaghi

Bacigaluppi

et al. 2013

Stroke

124

151

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“…Although previous in vitro ( [26][27][28] and acute (1-3, 29, 30) animal studies have demonstrated the modulatory effects of DC on cortical excitability, until now no direct evidence of the effects of tDCS based on cortical recordings of electrical activity in alert animals has been reported. And although behaving animals have been successfully used for the study of different tDCS implications in basic (31)(32)(33) and clinical (34)(35)(36) aspects, the animal model presented here allows the combination of tDCS application in alert animals with invasive recording of cortical electrical activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial direct-current stimulation modulates synaptic mechanisms involved in associative learning in behaving rabbits

Márquez-Ruiz

Leal‐Campanario

Sánchez-Campusano

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

179

152

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Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that has been successfully applied for modulation of cortical excitability. tDCS is capable of inducing changes in neuronal membrane potentials in a polarity-dependent manner. When tDCS is of sufficient length, synaptically driven aftereffects are induced. The mechanisms underlying these after-effects are largely unknown, and there is a compelling need for animal models to test the immediate effects and after-effects induced by tDCS in different cortical areas and evaluate the implications in complex cerebral processes. Here we show in behaving rabbits that tDCS applied over the somatosensory cortex modulates cortical processes consequent to localized stimulation of the whisker pad or of the corresponding area of the ventroposterior medial (VPM) thalamic nucleus. With longer stimulation periods, poststimulation effects were observed in the somatosensory cortex only after cathodal tDCS. Consistent with the polarity-specific effects, the acquisition of classical eyeblink conditioning was potentiated or depressed by the simultaneous application of anodal or cathodal tDCS, respectively, when stimulation of the whisker pad was used as conditioned stimulus, suggesting that tDCS modulates the sensory perception process necessary for associative learning. We also studied the putative mechanisms underlying immediate effects and after-effects of tDCS observed in the somatosensory cortex. Results when pairs of pulses applied to the thalamic VPM nucleus (mediating sensory input) during anodal and cathodal tDCS suggest that tDCS modifies thalamocortical synapses at presynaptic sites. Finally, we show that blocking the activation of adenosine A1 receptors prevents the long-term depression (LTD) evoked in the somatosensory cortex after cathodal tDCS.T he effects of weak direct-current (DC) stimulation on the excitability of the central nervous system were reported decades ago. Invasive stimulation in acute animals demonstrated that intracortical or epidural application of weak DC induces polarityspecific changes in the neuronal excitability of motor (1, 2), visual (1), and somatosensory (3) cortices. Interestingly, these changes persist for several minutes after the DC stimulus offset (3), sharing some molecular mechanisms with the classical long-term plasticity. In this regard, it has been demonstrated that anodal DC stimulation applied on the rat sensorimotor cortex modifies adenosine-elicited accumulation of cAMP (4), inducing an increase of protein kinase C and calcium levels (5, 6). tDCS has been successfully applied for modulation of cortical excitability in humans (7-11), and interest is growing in the use of this technique as a noninvasive tool for basic and clinical research in various neurologic pathologies, including chronic pain, stroke, and depression (12-15). Little is known about the molecular and/or cellular mechanisms underlying the neuromodulatory after-effects of tDCS, however. For this reason, new experimental models...

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“…Interestingly, cathodal polarizing currents could block the CSD initiation in rats for up to 1 h [142], [143]. In turn, other studies in rats revealed that repetitive electrical stimulation [144] or anodal tDCS [145] increased the velocity of cortical spreading depression both in a frequency-dependent and sustained manner. These results have safety implications as tDCS might increase the probability of migraine attack, but also suggest the potential therapeutic repercussion of tDCS in pathologies characterized by a reduced cortical excitability, such as stroke, Parkinson's disease and major depression.…”

Section: Large-scale Systems: Insights From In Vivo Modelsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Transcranial Current Brain Stimulation (tCS): Models and Technologies

Ruffini

Wendling

Merlet

et al. 2013

IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.

170

160

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Abstract-In this paper, we provide a broad overview of models and technologies pertaining to transcranial current brain stimulation (tCS), a family of related noninvasive techniques including direct current (tDCS), alternating current (tACS), and random noise current stimulation (tRNS). These techniques are based on the delivery of weak currents through the scalp (with electrode current intensity to area ratios of about 0.3-5 A/m ) at low frequencies (typically 1kHz) resulting in weak electric fields in the brain (with amplitudes of about 0.2-2 V/m). Here we review the biophysics and simulation of noninvasive, current-controlled generation of electric fields in the human brain and the models for the interaction of these electric fields with neurons, including a survey of in vitro and in vivo related studies. Finally, we outline directions for future fundamental and technological research.Index Terms-Brain stimulation, electrical stimulation, transcranial alternating current (tACS), transcranial current stimulation (tCS), transcranial direct current (tDCS), transcranial random noise current stimulation (tRNS).

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After-effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cortical spreading depression

Cited by 105 publications

References 24 publications

Safety and Efficacy of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Acute Experimental Ischemic Stroke

Safety and Efficacy of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Acute Experimental Ischemic Stroke

Transcranial direct-current stimulation modulates synaptic mechanisms involved in associative learning in behaving rabbits

Transcranial Current Brain Stimulation (tCS): Models and Technologies

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