Age and adaptation to Ca and P deficiencies: 2. Impacts on amino acid digestibility and phytase efficacy in broilers

Li, W.; Angel, R.; Kim, S.-W.; Jiménez-Moreno, E.; Proszkowiec‐Weglarz, Monika; Plumstead, P. W.

doi:10.3382/ps/pev273

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…It could be concluded that the older pigs need less adaptation duration compared with the younger pigs when they are fed to a new feed. In addition, Li et al [24] reported that lower apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of CP and amino acids were observed in adapted birds (7 to 21 d) compared to unadapted birds (19 to 21 d) which were affected by dietary factors, including Ca and non-phytate P. Changing the diet of pigs requires time for the microflora and gastrointestinal tract itself to adapt to the new substrates and the new absorbable products. When an adaptation duration is sufficient for fecal inocula of pigs to reach a stable microbial composition, the digestibility of nutrients tends to be stable as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of particle size and adaptation duration on the digestible and metabolizable energy contents and digestibility of various chemical constituents in wheat for finishing pigs determined by the direct or indirect method

Fan

Guo

Yang

et al. 2016

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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ObjectiveThis experiment was conducted as a 3×2×2 factorial design to examine the effects of particle size (mean particle size of 331, 640, or 862 μm), evaluation method (direct vs indirect method) and adaptation duration (7 or 26 days) on the energy content and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of various chemical components in wheat when fed to finishing pigs.MethodsForty-two barrows (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) with an initial body weight of 63.0±0.8 kg were individually placed in metabolic cages and randomly allotted to 1 of 7 diets with 6 pigs fed each diet. For the indirect method, the pigs were fed either a corn-soybean meal based basal diet or diets in which 38.94% of the basal diet was substituted by wheat of the different particle sizes. In the direct method, the diets contained 97.34% wheat with the different particle sizes. For both the direct and indirect methods, the pigs were adapted to their diets for either 7 or 26 days.ResultsA reduction in particle size linearly increased the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents as well as the ATTD of gross energy, crude protein, organic matter, ether extract (EE) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (p<0.05), and had a trend to increase the ATTD of dry matter of wheat (p = 0.084). The DE, ME contents, and ATTD of gross energy, crude protein, dry matter and organic matter were higher (p<0.05) when determined by the direct method, but the ATTD of ADF, EE, and neutral detergent fiber were higher when determined by the indirect method (p<0.05). Prolongation of the adaption duration decreased the ATTD of neutral detergent fiber (p<0.05) and had a trend to increase the ATTD of EE (p = 0.061). There were no interactions between particle size and the duration of the adaptation duration. The ATTD of EE in wheat was influenced by a trend of interaction between method and adaptation duration (p = 0.074). The ATTD of ADF and EE in wheat was influenced by an interaction between evaluation method and wheat particle size such that there were linear equations (p<0.01) about ATTD of ADF and EE when determined by the direct method but quadratic equations (p = 0.073 and p = 0.088, respectively) about ATTD of ADF and EE when determined by the indirect method.ConclusionDecreasing particle size can improve the DE and ME contents of wheat; both of the direct and indirect methods of evaluation are suitable for evaluating the DE and ME contents of wheat with different particle sizes; and an adaptation duration of 7 d is sufficient to evaluate DE and ME contents of wheat in finishing pigs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of particle size and adaptation duration on the digestible and metabolizable energy contents and digestibility of various chemical constituents in wheat for finishing pigs determined by the direct or indirect method

Fan

Guo

Yang

et al. 2016

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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“…For example, in broilers, Amerah et al (2014) reported that a Buttiauxella phytase dosed at 1000 FTU improved total amino acid digestibility across four different Ca: AvP ratios in feed by 12.3% vs. NC in broilers. Li et al (2015) observed that addition of Buttiauxella phytase at 1000 FTU/kg improved ileal dAA in broilers, by, on average, 3.1%, 5.7% and 6.9% in the diets containing 6.5, 8 and 9.5 g/kg Ca respectively. A comparison study in broilers showed that two different phytase sources, i.e.…”

Section: Journal Of Applied Animal Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Using different inorganic sources may also result in different AvP equivalence values. Li et al (2015) showed that using tibia ash weight or percentage as response criteria resulted in different nPP equivalence values, for example, this was estimated as 0.117% and 0.168% based on tibia ash (%) and tibia ash weight (mg/tibia) respectively with addition of 500 FTU/kg phytase. In addition, dietary composition such as Ca level can have a great impact on the P equivalence.…”

Section: Journal Of Applied Animal Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of methods used to determine phosphorus and digestible amino acid matrices when using phytase in poultry and pig diets

Dersjant-Li

Hruby

Evans

et al. 2019

JAAN

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SummaryPhytase is applied in animal feed based on its standard activity measured at pH 5.5, however the relative activity at pH 3 (e.g. stomach pH, the main site for the breakdown of phytate) varies among the commercial phytases, ranging from 56% (an E coli phytase) to 235% (Buttiauxella phytase). These diverse sources of phytases have varying capability for degrading phytate and, correspondingly, different P, digestible amino acid and metabolisable energy matrix values. In addition, the matrix values recommended by different phytase suppliers are not comparable, as different methodologies have been used to determine them. Phosphorus (P) and other matrix values can be determined by direct measurement of digestible P (dP) improvements by the addition of phytase above a negative control in large numbers of in vivo studies using increasing phytase doses. Alternatively, matrix values can be assessed by indirect measurement, using inorganic P (usually mono- or dicalcium sources) as a reference, typically based on tibia or metacarpal ash as a response parameter to estimate available P equivalence, either at a single or different phytase doses. When using the indirect measurement, the available P equivalence with increasing phytase doses may be calculated based on a log linear model. Although both methods are acceptable methodologies, direct measurement may under-estimate and indirect measurement may over-estimate matrix values, and a large number of in vivo studies give the best estimates of matrix values. Phytase efficacy can be influenced by phytase source, dose level, dietary composition (Ca level and Ca: P ratio). Phytase end users are encouraged to be aware of the methods used by suppliers to determine matrix values, before applying them in their feed formulations.

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“…The Ca requirement in modern broilers has been recently reported ( Applegate et al., 2003 , Li et al., 2012 , Li et al., 2015 , Li et al., 2016 , Li et al., 2016 , Abdulla et al., 2017 , Kim et al., 2018b ). The heightened interest in dietary Ca-related studies is due to its effect on phytase efficacy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effect of dietary calcium and phytase on broilers challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis: 3. Serum calcium and phosphorus, and bone mineralization

et al. 2020

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Calcium is chelated by phytic acid and forms phytate-mineral complexes reducing Ca availability and the ability of phytase to hydrolyze phytate. An increased Ca concentration in the gut favors the activity of Clostridium perfringens ( C. perfringens ). Therefore, it was hypothesized that high dietary calcium with high dietary phytase would decrease serum Ca and P and bone mineralization during necrotic enteritis occurrence. A total of 768 one-day-old Ross 308 male chicks were randomly allocated to 8 treatments with 6 replicate pens, each housing 16 birds. A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was applied: dietary Ca (0.6 or 1.0%), phytase (500 or 1,500 FTU/kg), and challenge (no or yes). Half of the birds (384) were challenged with Eimeria spp. on day 9 and C. perfringens strain EHE-NE18 on day 14 and 15. Blood was collected from 2 birds per pen to determine Ca, P, and parathyroid hormone in the serum. The middle toe, tibia, and femur were excised from 2 birds per pen on day 16 and 29 for determination of ash, breaking strength ( BS ), and mineral concentration. The challenge decreased ( P < 0.05) serum Ca + in birds regardless of dietary Ca level (day 16). There was a challenge × Ca interaction ( P < 0.05) for tibial BS (day 16), with challenge being more severe in birds fed high Ca than low Ca diets. A challenge × phytase interaction ( P < 0.05) was present for femur ash (day 16), with high phytase only increasing ash in challenged birds. The challenge decreased ( P < 0.05) the BS of femur and tibia at each time point. Birds fed high dietary Ca had lower tibial Mg ( P < 0.001), Fe ( P < 0.001), Na ( P < 0.001), and Zn ( P < 0.05) concentrations (day 29). Altogether, high dietary Ca and phytase improved bone mineralization showing that attention to Ca and P nutrition and phytase matrix values is warranted when high levels of phytase are used.

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Age and adaptation to Ca and P deficiencies: 2. Impacts on amino acid digestibility and phytase efficacy in broilers

Cited by 34 publications

References 41 publications

Effects of particle size and adaptation duration on the digestible and metabolizable energy contents and digestibility of various chemical constituents in wheat for finishing pigs determined by the direct or indirect method

Effects of particle size and adaptation duration on the digestible and metabolizable energy contents and digestibility of various chemical constituents in wheat for finishing pigs determined by the direct or indirect method

A critical review of methods used to determine phosphorus and digestible amino acid matrices when using phytase in poultry and pig diets

Interactive effect of dietary calcium and phytase on broilers challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis: 3. Serum calcium and phosphorus, and bone mineralization

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